원문정보
초록
영어
In this study, the saponin-rich fractions of five individual (two Red and three Black) sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) in South Korea were investigated for their antiproliferative effect against HL-60, B16F10, MCF-7, and Hep3B tumor cell lines. The red sea cucumber saponin-rich fraction (SSC) from Jeju Island (JRe) decreased the growth of HL-60 with an IC50 value of 23.55 ± 3.40 lg/mL, which represented the strongest anticancer activity among the extracts. Further, SSC downregulated B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL), while upregulating, to different degrees, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP cleavage, and apoptotic bodies in cancer cells. Evidence for SSC inducing apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway was found. The contents of SSCs were determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry to comparatively evaluate the regional influence. In West Sea, the total SSC content of A. japonicus was 15.5 mg/g, representing the highest content, while A. japonicus in the South Sea yielded the lowest content at 8 mg/g. The major saponin constituent in SSC was identified as Holotoxin A1, which may the anti-tumor compound in A. japonicus.
목차
Introduction
Material and methods
Materials and apparatus
Collection of sea cucumber
Preparation of SSCs
Semi-quantitative determination of SSCs
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS) analysis
Cell culture
Apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry
Apoptotic and necrotic body formation
Western blot analysis
Statistical analysis
Results and discussion
Proximate compositions of A. japonicus
Semi-quantitative determination and UHPLC/QOrbitrapMS analysis of SSCs
Cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of SSCs
Apoptosis morphology of HL-60 cell line due to JRe and WBa
Apoptosis pathway regulated by JRe
Conclusion
References