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Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between smoking history and diaphragm thickness and muscle strength in young men. Methods: This study included healthy men aged 20–39 years. They were classified into smoking (n=11) and non-smoking groups (n=9). Diaphragm thickness was measured at rest (Tdi.rel) and during forced inspiration (Tdi.con) using a 5- to 12.0-MHz linear probe ultrasonic imaging system. We analyzed diaphragm thickness using a calculated formula for the diaphragm thickness ratio (TR). Muscle strength was measured using grip strength. To compare the TR and muscle strength between the two groups, the measurement data were analyzed using independent T tests, while the relationship between smoking history and TR was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: No significant difference in TR and muscle strength was observed between the smoking and nonsmoking groups. However, the smoking group had lower TR and muscle strength than the non-smoking group. Significant negative correlations were observed between smoking duration and TR. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that smoking affects diaphragm thickness in young men. Therefore, long-term smokers may need to exercise to strengthen their diaphragms.