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영어

The purpose of this research is to examine the awakening and Zen ideology presented by Baegun- Gyeonghan (白雲景閑) and his purpose of writing Jikji (｢直指｣). Major findings are as follows: 1) ‘Munyeom (無念)’ is ‘the state of mind from which worldly-desires (妄念) do not arise’. ‘Musim (無心)’ is therefore ‘the absence of worldly-desires (妄想)’. ‘Munyeom-Beop (無念法)’ means ‘the state of mind in which people are neither affected by nor dependent upon whatever objects.’ 2) Baegun-Hwasang (白雲和尙) learned about ‘Musim’ from Jigong-Hwasang (指空和尙), and his awakening was approved by Seogok-Cheonggong (石屋淸珙) who had inherited the Imjejong Sect (臨濟宗). In 1353, he was awakened to achieve a complete deliverance from worldly attachments in ‘Munyeom- Jinjong (無念眞宗)’. Baegun’s Zen ideology is the ideology of ‘Munyeom․Musim’, based on the idea of ‘Munyeom’ presented as the state of awakening in Yukjo-Dangyeong (｢六祖壇經｣), and the idea of ‘Musim’ perfected by Majo-Doil (馬祖道一) and Hwangbyeok-Heun (黃檗希運). 3) Baegun’s Zen of ‘Musim’ can be perceived as a brilliant guidance for the followers toward ‘Musim (Immediately free from worldly desires)’ as the right enlightenment, and a drive to write Jikji. 4) Baegun’s purpose of writing Jikji was to ① enlighten the Zen ideologies of masters (祖師禪) of the Namjong Sect (南宗禪) since Yukjo-Hyeneung (六祖慧能) and ② enhance the Zen of ‘Musim’ founded on the concept of ‘Munyeom․Musim’ among various Zen ideologies of masters.

한국어

이 연구는 白雲景閑의 깨침(頓悟: 無心)과 禪思想 및 ｢直指｣ 저술의 목적 등을 書誌的으로 糾明하고자 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 無念이란 ‘마음에서 妄念이 일어나지 않음’이다. 無心이란 ‘妄想없는 마음’이다. 無念法이란 ‘一切의 境界(對象)에 直 面하더라도 마음에 물들거나 집착하지 않음’이다. 2) 白雲和尙은 指空禪賢으로부터 ‘無心’을 배워 익히고, 臨濟宗 법맥의 石屋淸珙에게서 깨달음(無心)을 認可받았으며, 1353년에 ‘無念眞宗의 大解脫’을 證得하였다. 白雲의 禪思想은 ｢六祖壇經｣에 제시된 깨침(見性)인 ‘無念’에 基礎하고, 馬祖 道一․黃檗希運이 완성한 ‘無心’에 입각한 祖師禪으로서의 無念․無心思想이다. 3) 白雲의 無心禪은 禪家의 후예들에게 올바른 見性인 ‘無心(당장에 無心하라: 直下無心)’으로 引導하는 光輝이며, ｢直 指｣를 저술하는 原動力이 되었다. 4) 백운화상이 ｢直指｣를 저술한 목적은 ‘① 六祖慧能 이래 南宗禪의 祖師禪을 계몽하고, ② 조사선 중에서 無念․無心에 입각한 無心禪을 宣揚하기 위함’이다.