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영어

The United Nations and international community condemned, sanctioned and made recommendations to North Korea for its serious violations of human rights. In particular, the UN Human Rights Council and General Assembly considered and passed resolutions on human rights since 2003. North Korea, ignoring the UN resolutions, revolted and blamed the UN for intervening in its domestic affairs. Having formed the Commission of Inquiry (COI) on North Korean Human Rights in 2013, the UN released the COI report after conducting the testimony of North Korean refugees and investigations. The COI report made recommendations that North Korean leadership be referred to the International Criminal Court on charge of crime against humanity and the issue be dealt with by the Security Council. Following the report, North Korea responded actively, vindicating its position by the participation of the foreign minister in the UN General Assembly and submitting national reports required by human rights treaties. The U.S. and Japan took measures to enact domestic laws to help support to improve upon North Korean human rights situation and resolve the issue of abduction of its own nationals. The ROK, after big political wrangling, enacted the act in 2016. More efforts and attention have been required of the government to establish the Foundation to conduct policy research and other relevant work and to achieve its effectiveness. Looking at North Korean human rights laws of these countries, the laws shall not be applied to the territory of North Korea directly, and therefore the issue of direct ex-territorial application of domestic laws is not raised. In this regard, the domestic laws have inherent limitation in their ex-territorial application to foreign countries.