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영어

If one person provides independent or factory services to another entity but actually performs non-independent tasks in the employment relationship, there is bogus self employment as a result of establishing a basic contract. To determine whether it is self-employed or not, is a typical characteristic of entrepreneurial behaviour is to provide services according to one's name and bill, and to make independent decisions. Additionally are the following signs important. - Purchasing and selling prices, commodity-related - Personnel question (job, dismissal) - terms of purchase and sale - Free design of activities and working hours - Capital and Self-Working Equipment Use - Self-Customer Acceptance - Advertising measures and independent activities in the business world A verification of bogus self-employment can be carried out by the German Pension Insurance Association, Clearingstelle, any labour court or Health Insurance as social insurance companies. If a self-employed person ar considered fake or bogus by definition of the law, the statutory pension scheme in Germany can demand that fake freelancer will be incorporated into the social insurance sector excluding industrial insurance scheme. The ‘Dano’ case goes right to the heart of the debate on social tourism. Are economically inactive EU-citizens, residing in a Member State of which they are not a national, entitled to social assistance which is granted to nationals of that host Member State? Dano and her son, both Romanian nationals, resided in Germany living with Ms Dano’s Sister who provided for them. Dano claimed unemployment benefits but this was refused. She argued that the principle of nondiscrimination in Article 18 TFEU precluded Germany’s domestic legislation excluding foreign nationals claiming social assistance where they enter the country to obtain such assistance or where the right of residence arises merely as a jobseeker. CJEU judged that Directive 2004/38/EC does not oblige Member States to provide for such assistance, but Art. 18 TFEU, Regulation 883/2004 on the coordination of social security and the Charter of Fundamental Rights might do so in the end. As such the EU Citizenship Directive makes it quite clear that economically inactive persons with insufficient resources of their own cannot claim benefits, at least during the first five years of their stay in another Member State. The CJEU ultimately ruled that Member States are not required to grant this type of social benefit to economically inactive Union citizens.