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Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that affect the health promotion behaviors of shift workers. Methods: Using self-administered questionnaires, data were collected between August 13th and 31st, 2018. Descriptive statistics were computed, and t-test, analysis of variance, and correlational and multiple stepwise regression analyses were conducted using International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Health promotion behaviors were significantly and positively correlated with psychological well-being (r=.491, p<.001), fatigue (r=.170, p=.030), and self-efficacy (r=.520, p<.001). Psychological well-being (β=.249, p=.014), fatigue (β=.179, p=.007), and self-efficacy (β=.335, p=.001) had significant effects on health promotion behaviors and together explained 31.7% of the variance. Conclusion: A systematic educational program that enhances psychological well-being should be developed and implemented to nurture health promotion behaviors among shift workers. Additionally, an intervention program that can enhance health promotion behaviors should be implemented to improve self-efficacy and prevent fatigue among shift workers.