원문정보
초록
영어
Migration from rural areas of Nepal has resulted in the formation of squatter settlements in the urban Kathmandu Valley. High unemployment and day-to-day struggles is the major crisis to survive that has compelled people living in rural areas to leave their places of birth in search of a better life in the city. This paper explores different livelihood strategies adopted by the poor residing as squatters in Manohara squatter and crisis management issues using Department for International Development’s (DFID) livelihood framework. The paper further provides a better picture of the state of affairs which has been used by the urban poor to support their urban livelihoods along with various coping strategies to deal with different kinds of risks and vulnerabilities in absence and presence of different kinds of capital asset. The findings of the study show that squatters are employed in formal (15%) informal (30%) as well as self-employed (45%) where 34% of the residents who are solely dependent upon wage labour are living under extreme poverty. Greater (56%) building material contains brick and block with roof Tin. Social assest is the determinant of all other remaining assets (financial, human, physical as well as natural). Poor people suffer from risk of social exclusion unemployment, uncertainty of income and indebtedness, food insecurity, deteriorating health and tenure insecurity also characterize poorest life in Manohara squatter.
목차
Introduction
Literature Review
Studies related to Livelihood strategy
Studies related to Urban Poor
Studies related to the squatters
Research Methodology
Theoretical framework: The sustainable livelihood approach
The concept
Selection of the study area
Data Analysis
Socioeconomic Composition and Characteristics
Demographic Composition
Household size and gender of the household head
Region of migration (by district)
Reason of migration
Building materials of wall
Building materials of roof
Natural Capital
Social Capital
Vulnerability and Livelihood
Isolation or social exclusion
Unemployment, uncertainty of income and indebtedness
Food insecurity
Health Vulnerability
Tenure insecurity.
Sanitation
Findings
Conclusion
References