earticle

영어

Translation is a process of transferring an original test, known as the source text (ST) to equivalent one known as the target text (TT). Translation techniques are considered as instrument of textual analysis that allows us to study how translation equivalence works in relation to the source text. Translation techniques are indispensable for translating process. The translators need to use various translation techniques while formulating an equivalence for transferring elements of meaning from source text to target text. The aim of this research is to clarify the notion of translation techniques by focusing on existing definitions and classifications of translation techniques. Terminological, conceptual and classification confusions are pointed out as well. Various Translation techniques are discussed distinguishing them from translation methods, procedures and strategies. The Urdu Translation of the preface of the book “The reconstruction of The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam” by Muhammad Iqbal shall be analysed in the light of various translation techniques to know how translation techniques contribute as a tool of textual analysis, to transfer the message of source text (English) to the readers of Urdu language. This research also investigate how the translation techniques formulated the equivalence between ST (English) and TT (Urdu) bearing in mind that translation is an activity of mediating meaning from a source language into a target language. The study will also discuss various challenges faced a translator while applying a particular translation technique like calque, borrowing, literal translation, transposition, modulation, functional equivalence, and adaptation during translating process. Finally, some recommendation and solutions will be presented in this regard.