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A great Russian author Lef Nicolaevich Tolstoy absconded from his home on October 28th, 1910. He was found dead in the station manager’s office in the village of Astorpovo on November 20th. Why did he run away from his home? “Unpublished Diaries of Tolstoy: 1910” that explains what had happened was published by Nauka Press in Japan with Yasumi Toshio as translator. Masamune Hakucho read it and commented as follows: The reason why the Great Author Tolstoy left his home was that he was scared of his wife. Reading how he died miserably in the diary is both pathetic and funny; just as looking at the reality of life in a mirror. Kobayashi Hideo refuted Hakucho by saying: All thoughts come out of real life. But if the thoughts born and grown do not conflict with real life at times, what power do thoughts possess at all. The disputes carried out through publications are what we call “Shisou to Jisseikatsu Ronsou.” But is there a Ronsou at all? Is it possible to state thoughts and real life as a binomial opposition? The two opinions above are given from the perspectives of literary figures; both authors equally pursue literary methods. “The Ronsou--Thoughts and real life dispute” reveals the problems of Modern Japanese Literature.