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특집논문 : 전후 일본 재일디아스포라 사회의 문화 변용

재일코리안 민족교육을 둘러싼 정치성 - 1970년대 자주민족학급의 사례를 중심으로 -

원문정보

Political Aspects in Zainichi Koreans’ Heritage Education : A Case of the 1972-typed Minzoku Gakkyu Movement

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초록

영어

This paper discusses how a variety of political aspects gave impact on Minzoku Gakkyu (heritage education for Zainichi Koreans at Japanese public schools) activities, particularly those occurred at an elementary school located at Nishinari, Osaka. July 4th South󰠏North Korea Joint Statement of 1972 stimulated Zainichi Koreans at this public school to establish Minzoku Gakkyu classes. In spite of their weak legal status, i.e., foreigner with no civil rights, Korean parents as well as their children were eager to negotiate with educational authorities of Osaka City. Among various factors of success in establishing Minzoku Gakkyu at this school, one can raise a fact that Nishinari was one of the most active places in Buraku Liberation Movement in Osaka at that time. Zainichi Koreans could expect supports from the buraku movement, plus, teachers of this school had already had experiences of human rights education for buraku children. Meanwhile, South Korea’s politics intervened the Minzoku Gakkyu movement. Mindan, backed by the South, harshly criticized applying logics of the Korean peninsula’s reunification to the Minzoku Gakkyu movement. Similarly, Mindan blamed those teachers of Minzoku Gakkyu who possessed Chosen󰠏seki status, because South Korea regarded it as symbol of pro󰠏North. As a result, they had been expelled; however, they could return to the classrooms in the end because the Osaka City Educational Bureau admitted their return due to Japanese medias’ criticism. Ironically, the South lost authority at Zainichi Koreans' heritage educational movement in the end. Since then, Osaka’s Minzoku Gakkyu movement has kept principles of no political intervention as well as political neutrality and reunification of the two Koreas.

일본어

本稿は在日コリアンの民族敎育のうち、今日唯一日本の公教育の中で残存している民族學級が1948年以降、衰退の一途にあった狀況から1972年南北共同聲明という分断祖國間の政治的和解をきっかけに活性化する過程を考察することで、民族敎育をめぐる政治的側面について検証を行っている。 大阪市西成區にある長橋小學校で始まった民族学級設置を求める運動が成功した要因として、同地域の持つ特性である活発な解放敎育運動が存在していた点が挙げられる。無権利の外國人である在日コリアンによる大阪市敎育行政に対する交渉が膠着していた中、解放運動の影響下にある同和住民の交渉参加によって事態が進展したのはその具体的成果である。 一方、長橋小學校を起点とする自主型民族學級の運営に関連し、駐大阪韓国総領事館および民團が大阪市敎育當局に対して朝鮮籍民族講師の追放を求めるという圧力を行使した。これは韓國國内の政治狀況を在日コリアンに対してそのまま適用しようとした事例と理解できる。統一機運が一気に高潮し、在日コリアンが独自に連帯を模索したことに制限を課しただけでなく、日本社會において政治的中立性を認知されている朝鮮奨學會に対してすら疑義を提起した。しかし、こうした行為が日本社会で明らかになることで、その影響力には限界が生じた。 韓国側の行動は、民族敎育という政治理念を超越した在日コリアン共通の利益に逆行し、韓国側の正当性を低下させる結果を招いた。その一方で、民族学級を守った総連側が相対的に民族敎育運動における権威を獲得する原因ともなった。しかしながら、この一連の運動を通して、教育現場では今日に至るまで分断祖国双方の不介入、政治的中立という基調が維持されることとなったのである。

목차

1. 들어가며
2. 각서민족학급의 쇠퇴
3. 민족학급 재흥(再興)과 니시나리구(西成區) 지역성 간의 연관성
4. 통일의 상징성을 기조로 하는 민족학급운동의 출발점
5. 민족학급운동에 대한 한국정치의 개입
6. 나가며
참고문헌
要旨
ABSTRACT

저자정보

  • 김웅기 Woongki Kim. 홍익대학교 상경대학 글로벌경영전공 조교수, 정치학전공, 재일코리안연구

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