earticle

영어

There has been a gradual increase in the number of exporting trades spoiled by the fraud recently. It may happen that the documents which are tendered to the banks under a exporting contract of goods are forged, altered or fraudulent. They may be forged or untrue in relation to the goods to which they refer, however on their face they appear to be correct and good tender under the documentary credit, the collection instruction or the sale’s contract. If the documents presented by the exporter are forged or fraudulent, the negotiating bank is entitled to refuse payment or acceptance if it finds out before payment or acceptance and is entitled to recover the money as paid under a mistake of fact if it finds out after payment. Banks will act in good faith and exercise reasonable care of the documents received. Banks must determine that the documents received appear to be as listed in the exporter’s instruction and must advise by telecommunication or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means, without delay, the party whom the instruction was received of any documents found to be other than listed. Banks will present documents as received without further examination and have no further obligation in this respect. Banks assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness or falsification of any documents, or … for the good faith or acts or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the consignors, the carriers, the forwarders, the consignees or the insurers of the goods, or any other person.

한국어

오늘날 대외무역이 확대되면서 수출사기로 인한 피해가 급증하고 있는데, 그 주된 원인을 보면 거래량이 증가하고 첨단복사기 등 과학기술이 발달하면서 문서의 위․변조가 용이한 데 비하여 수출업무의 참여은행들이 주의의무를 소홀히 한 것에서 비롯된 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 수출거래를 신용장, 무신용장 추심 또는 O/A 거래 등 수출사기가 빈발하는 주요 형태별로 그동안의 선행연구와 문헌 및 판례를 바탕으로 하여 수출사기가 발생한 경우 수출채권 매입은행의 책임한계뿐만 아니라 무역보험의 성립여부 등에 관하여 논증하였다. 요컨대 신용장, 무신용장 추심 내지 O/A 거래 등 각 거래형태별 수출업무 참여은행은 무역서류의 선량한 관리자로서 다른 무역거래에서와 같이 상당한 주의를 다하여 무역서류의 원본 또는 사본을 상호 대조하여야 하며, 수출사기로 오염된 채권으로는 무역보험을 기대할 수 없다.