earticle

영어

The paper aims to make the Japanese features and tendencies clear while studying the trend of the college entrance examination reform in Japan. In particular, it focuses on Tohoku University and Kyoto University as case studies, both of which are influential Research University among national universities in Japan. Below are the three points as the research results. First, academic subjects’ paper examinations (“general” route) are still the mainstream of admission process of applicants for national universities, and this point is followed even now. In addition to that, a wave of recent years' reform brought to new selection route such as “admission office (AO)” route and “recommendation” one. Second, the enrolment number through the new selection routes suggests that national universities are unwilling to increase the number due to heavily relying on traditional paper exams. Also, it is easy to make applicants’ order apparent in paper exams. In other words, they cannot find better routes which everyone feels fair except paper exams. Third, it can be said that the purpose of the college entrance exam reform this time is various diversification, and even national universities have been introducing three selection routes indeed. One of the aims is student's diversification at the campuses where they come from various areas and with various backgrounds study together. It is hard to say, however, that the situation is going that way, according to the research result.

일본어

本論文は、日本の国立大学の大学入試改革の具体的な動向を検討しながら、日本的な特徴や課題を明らかにすることを目的とする。特に対象とするのは、国立大学のなかでも他大学への影響力の強い研究大学である京都大学と東北大学のケースを取り上げる。本論で明らかになった点は以下の３点である。第一に、基本的に国立大学の大学入学者選抜は、各教科・科目による筆記試験が主流であり、現在でもこの点は踏襲されている。ただし、近年の大学入試改革の波は国立大学にも確実に及んでおり、従来の筆記試験による「一般」に加え、「AO」や「推薦」という新しい選抜方法を導入してきている。第二に、ただし、新しい学力を入学試験で評価することに対しては、その募集人数や入学者数が極端に少ないという点から少なくとも積極的に動いているとは言えないことがわかる。こうした大学入試制度が大きく変わらない背景には、一つには上述した伝統的な「知識・技能」への信頼が強く、もう一つには順位も付けやすいということであり、批判をされ続けてもこれに代わる、みなが公平であると納得できる制度が見つからないこと、言い換えれば筆記試験に対する社会の信頼であろう。第三に、今回の入試改革の目標は、一言で言えばさまざまな「多様化」であり、実際国立大学でも選抜ルートの多様化が定着しつつあることが見て取れた。さまざまな背景をもつ学生が切磋琢磨するキャンパスを目指しているが、上述のとおり募集人数や入学者数の少なさからは、その成果が顕在化してきているとはまだ言い難い状況にある。

한국어

일본의 대학 입시 개혁의 구체적인 동향을 검토하면서, 일본적인 특징을 도호쿠대학과 교토대학을 중심으로 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기본적으로 국립대학의 대학입학자 선발은, 주로 각 교과·과목에 의한 필기시험이 중심이며, 지금도 이를 유지하고 있다. 다만 최근의 개혁의 물결은 국립대학에도 영향을 미쳐 기존의 필기시험에 의한 ‘일반’ 입시 이외에도 ‘입학사정관제(AO)’나 ‘추천제’와 같은 새로운 선발방식을 도입하고 있다. 둘째, 입학시험에서 ‘새로운 학력’을 평가하는 것에 대해서는, 그 모집인원이나 실제 입학자가 매우 적기에, 적어도 적극적으로 작동하고 있다고는 말하기 어렵다. 셋째, 이번 입학시험 개혁의 목표는 한마디로 ‘다양화’라고 할 수 있으며, 실제 국립대학에서도 다양한 선발방식이 정착되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.