earticle

영어

According to documentary records in China and Japan, Esoteric Buddhism monks in Silla after Myeongnang(明朗) and Hyetong(惠通) went to China, learned Buddhism there from SunmuisamJang(善無畏), GeumgangjisamJang(金剛智), BulgongsamJang(不空) and other Chinese monks and came back to Silla. Since further information than these documents is needed to fully study Esoteric Buddhism monks, research was done on the formative arts. Our research re-sult tells us that the most of Vairocana holds their hands in the bodhi‐śri mudrā(智拳印) on Chilsajajwa(七獅子座), suggesting corre-spondence between the bodhi‐sattva form in the bodhi‐śri mudrā of Vajradhātu (金剛界大日如來) and iconography.
Iconography of Ekadasamukha(十一面觀音菩薩像) and Ten ThouSands Armed Bodhi‐sattva(千手觀音菩薩像), both established with Sinjudokseong (神呪讀誦, an evil‐repelling incantation) were introduced into United Silla at the end of 7th Century and were made during the 8th and 9th Century. Among embossed work on stone pagodas, images of the Four Guardian Kings(四天王像) and twelve zodiac figures(十二支像) are expected to be closely related with Myeongnang’s(明朗) Sininjong(神印宗). And other Sinjangsang(神將像) was also expectedly built to preserve relics of the Buddha and to protect a nation. In particular, Sinjangsang embossed on a base rock of stone pagoda in Gyeongju Fortress(慶州邑城) was ana-lyzed and found to be Myeongwang Sang(明王像, vidyā[dhara]rāja, suggesting that Sinjangsang appeared after other previously em-bossed work on stone pagodas in the site of Sach’ŏnwangsa Temple(四天王寺) and Wonwon Temple(遠願寺) might be affected by Esoteric Buddhism.