earticle

영어

Minor ginsenosides, those have low content in white or red ginseng, are proved to have strong pharmaceutical activities in literature. There are many minor ginsenosides can be formed during transformation in various pathways. In which, the biotransformation pathway of Rb2→Rd→F2→C-K or Rc, Rbl, Rb2→Rg3→Rh2 by using various bacteria, yeast, and fungus was well-known. However, the other pathway that converts Rb2→C-0→C-Y→C-K or Rc→C-Mc→C-K were seldom occurred. In this study, utilization of red ginseng residue (RGR), a byproduct of red ginseng extraction, for minor ginsenoside production by using enzyme cellulose, hemicellulase, and lactic acid fermentation was performed. Biotransformation of ginsenosides was analyzed by UPLC-UV /EIS-QQQ mass spectrometry. During enzymatic reaction and lactic acid fermentation, the relative abundance of ginsenoside Rbl, Rg3, Rb2, and Rc were decreased while a significant increase in rare ginsenoside F2, Rh2 , C-K, C-0, and C-Mc were obtained. Our results suggested that combination of cell wall degrading enzyme and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria (LPlantarium and LLactis) could remove glucosyl moieties from ginsenosides. Particularly, C-0, C-Mc could be obtained during enzymatic treatment and lactic acid fermentation. This method could be applied for production of C-0, C-Mc, and C-K from RGR. For further research, this result may open a new direction toward RGR utilization for minor ginsenosides.