earticle

영어

It is usually assumed that institution determines innovation. The objective of this study is to develop a framework to measure cross-cutting factors influencing institutional and innovation efficiency for the readiness of industry 4.0 and circular economy. Industry 4.0 represents the digital transformation of a country and circular economy is a path leading to the sustainable society. Resource circulation, environment protection and carbon emission reduction are required to make our society sustainable for the long time. The performance of innovative efforts is determined in the context of an institutional environments. Generally, institution environments are made up of formal institutions such as laws and regulations and informal institutions such as culture. These institutions can function as the opportunity, cost or risk for the success of innovative efforts. The cross-cutting factors are devised in two dimensions: country-level and corporate-level. In country-level factors, there are three areas of regulations, economy and industry technology and four factors are suggested in each area. In corporate-level factors, leadership, environment and resources are three areas and four factors are presented in each area. Korea is scored by this model and from the scoring and analysis, some implications were presented. Overall the evaluation result of two Korean experts are shown and the findings from the analysis are summarized. First, the scores of regulation environments and corporate leadership are relatively low. In regulation environments, we measured presidential commitment, political transparency, business regulations and national security. Some obstacles still exist to deter the innovative capabilities of private companies. The corruptions between government officials and large corporations are should be eliminated. Less regulations on business operations and open environments for start-ups are prepared in Korea. Second, the score on the industry technology was analyzed to be higher than other scores. This factor was measured by ICT infra, R&D effort, support for start-ups and competitiveness of manufacturers. Except the support for start-ups, other elements are very good in Korea. Other three factors are seen to be the strength of Korean industries. Third, the scores on national economy, corporate environments and firm resources are modest. These three dimensions are in the similar status. They have been improved significantly and are expected to reach to top-level in the near future. The policy implications drawn from the analysis are about the necessity of political transparency, global competitiveness of domestic firms, performance in the investments for ICT development and proactive attitude to sustainability issues.

한국어

일반적으로 제도적 환경이 경제적 성과와 혁신의 성과를 결정한다는 이론이 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 이러한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 4차산업환경과 순환경제를 도입하는데에 이러한 제도적 요인이 얼마나 잘 갖추어졌는가에 대한 평가모델을 개발하는 것이다. 4차 산업사회는 최근에 대두되는 첨단의 디지털기술들을 이용하여 기업경영과 인간사회를 발전시켜가는 것을 의미하고, 순환경제는 재활용에 의한 자원부존량의 한계를 극복하고, 환경을 보호하고자 하는 노력으로 둘 다 현재 사회가 변화해 가는 모습을 보여준다. 이 논문에서 개발된 평가모델은 국가적 차원과 기업차원의 두 가지로 나누어졌다. 이 평가모 델의 기본목적은 기업들이 4차산업환경과 순환경제라는 두 가지 흐름에 잘 적응할수 있는 가를 측정하고자 하는 것이다. 국가적 차원은 규제환경, 경제환경, 산업 및 기술환경으로 나누어지고, 기업차원은 경영자, 기업환경, 내부자원으로 나누어진다. 각 항목을 측정하 기 위하여 네 가지의 세부측정항목들이 제시되었다. 이 평가 모델을 가지고 한국의 상황에 적용하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 한국의 상황을 정리하고, 몇 가지 시사점을 제시하였다. 평가와 분석을 통하여 지금까지 한국의 경제적 성과와 몇몇 산업의 성공이 앞으로의 발전 에 기반이 될 수 있으며, 리더쉽의 투명화와 지속가능성에 대한 적극성에 대한 논의가 좀 더 활발히 이루어져야 한다고 제시하였다.