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In this study, I have attempted to show that there is a strong relationship between theory and history. First of all, it is represented that phonological theories, which have been developed in synchronic linguistics, can contribute to the understanding of a historical sound change. To put it in another way, we can also argue that historical data can deliver us a crucial hint for deciding on which theory is more useful or not when understanding our language. The second goal of this research is to find out what ‘Theoretical historical phonology’ is. To answer this question, I have shown different types of theoretical approaches and historical data from Old and Middle English. Furthermore, I have tried to combine theory with historical data to see how phonological frameworks effectively deal with diachronic data. Ultimately, I have tried to figure out the role of diachronic phonology in the field of linguistics.