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In this study, we attempted to conduct a vocabulary survey of the Korean and Japanese elementary school textbooks for 4th year to find similarities and differences between frequently used words of each word class based on the items of parts that resulted in a significant differences between the two textbooks. A brief summary of the findings is as follows. 1) In the case of the pronouns, the Korean textbook was found to be used 269 times in combination with the first person pronoun, “Na,” “ Nae,” and “Jeu”. Japanese textbooks also used the first person pronoun 72 times, such as “Watashi(35)”, “Watashitachi(13)”, “Ore(13)”, and “Boku(11)”. In Japanese textbooks, however, the use of the demonstrative pronoun “Sore(24)” is high, but individual usage of the personal pronoun is low, while the names in the novel are used frequently like ‘Yumiko(23)’ and ‘Matsui San(13)’. 2) In the case of the verbs, both textbooks tend to have similarity in high usage of verbs representing the movement, presence verbs and action verbs. In Korean textbooks, the action verb “hada(218)” was used overwhelmingly, followed by “Ittda(115)”. For Japanese textbooks, “Aru(41)” was most commonly used which correspond to Korean “Ittda”, and “Omou(35)” and “Kanggaeru(38)” were also often used to indicate thought. 3) In the case of the adjectives, in Korean textbooks, the word “Jota(79)” is was most frequently used word to express feelings, and “upda(78)” comes the next which indicates existence. On the other hand, Japanese textbooks were used 35 times both “ii(25)” and “yoi(10)” which correspond to Korean word “Jota(79)”. The second high frequency word is “shiroi(17)” which indicates color. 4) In both textbooks, onomatopoeia used more than mimetic words. In particular, for Japanese language, it is good information for Japanese language learners to know that Hiragana and Katakana, Katakana and hiragana marks are mixed in the usage of the language.