earticle

영어

In 18th century of Joseon Dynasty, Paegwan novel (a genre of novel about the stories and legends of ordinary people) which led to the reform of the style of literature appeared, and various hobbies appeared among the intellectual class. The culture of the new style such as the appreciation and collection of the calligraphy and paintings, gardening and pot planting, writing journal of landscape sightseeing, reading, tea ceremony were formed. These new phenomena are characterized by ‘Mania(癖)⋅Obsession(癡)’, and the school of Northern studies is at the center of them. In this study, I examined the tendency of pursuing ‘Mania⋅Obsession’ of the school of Northern studies and investigated their philosophical background, focusing on the theory about whether a man has the same nature as the other things does and the theory of heaven-gifted nature, the class system of dividing people into four groups and the theory of social discrimination, and the theory that being indulged in exterior things makes people lose their will. The school of Northern studies pursued an active life through affirmation and convergence rather than the rejection and despair of destiny. At the same time, it critically responded to reality and romantically transcended reality. The school of Northern studies argued that it was possible to attain the Way through the trivial and miscellaneous arts, which has been considered as the object of thinking that being indulged in exterior things made people lose their will in the social system led by Neo-Confucianism. Their forward-looking ideas made the indulgence in exterior things become considered as the investigation of things or the supreme pleasure, and their thought breaking from Neo-Confucianism gave the direction that the society at that time should aim.

한국어

18세기 조선에서는 문체반정을 야기한 패관소설이 등장하고 지식인 계층을 중심으로 다양한 취미가 나타났다. 서화의 완상 및 수집, 원예와 분재, 산수유기, 독서, 다도의 유행 등 새로운 기풍의 문화가 형성되었다. 이러한 새로운 현상들은 ‘癖⋅癡’로 요약되는 특징을 갖고 있는데, 북학파 역시 그 중심에 서게 된다. 이 글에서는 북학파의 ‘벽⋅치’추구 경향을 人物性同異와 天機論, 四民制度와 身分差別論 그리고 性理學的 世界觀인 玩物喪志論을 중심으로 그 사상적 배경을 알아본다. 북학파는 운명에 대한 거부와 절망보다는 긍정과 수렴을 통한 적극적 삶을 추구하였으며, 동시에 비판적 현실 대응과 낭만적 현실 초월을 병행해 나갔다. 성리학이 주도하던 사회체제 하에서 완물상지로 여겨졌던 末技, 餘技 또는 雜技들을 통해서도 道에 이를 수 있다는 북학파의 전향적 사유는 玩物을 格物로, 그리고 至樂으로 격상시켰으며 그들의 탈주자학적 사상은 당시 사회가 지향해야 할 방향을 제시해 주었다.