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An Analysis on the Experiences and Enlightments for Reliefing Disaster Disadvantaged Minority in Japan

초록

영어

Types of natural disasters frequently outbreak in China, and often cause significant economic losses and casualties. The typical case is “5.12” Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, in which more than 80 million people affected, and nearly 70 thousand were killed, nearly 20 thousand missing, more than 400 thousand were injured, and more than 1 million lost their home. In fact, most of the victims were disadvantaged minority, including disabled children, elderly, pregnant women, etc. And it standed by the research findings and reminded us it’s so important to protect the rights of disadvantaged minority in the reliefing process. From the rescuing measures and programs of Chinese government in disasters, giving priority to rescue children, women, elderly is conventional. However, compared with Japan, the consciousness of protecting the rights of disadvantaged minority when rescuing in disaster in China is still inadequate. The following can confirm this judgement: (1) lacking systematic statistics about the disadvantaged minority in the disaster report; (2) neclecting the special demands of the disadvantaged minority in rescuing process; (3) having no gender awareness in reliefing process; (4) being short of rights and interests protecting for special social groups in the development-oriented policies after disaster,etc. In fact, early in the 1980s, the Japanese government began to pay great attention to the disadvantaged minority in reliefing process, and developing a systematic theory for protecting the rights and interests of disadvantaged minority. In my opinion, for improving the level of disaster administration, Chinese government and academia shall learn from Japan’s experiences and practices. The purposes of this paper are the followings: (1) to introduce the theory of disaster disadvantaged minority in Janpan, including its generation, core concepts and changes; (2) to analyse the types of disaster disadvantaged minority and their special needs in reliefing process; (3) to clarify with typical cases that how the Japanese to protect and relief disaster disadvantaged minority in the periods of emergency preparing before disaster, emergency evacuating in disaster, refuge living during disaster, and recoverying after disaster. Meanwhile, pointing out its experiences and enlightments for China how to protect and relief disaster disadvantaged minority.

저자정보

  • Ying-Shu Jin School of Emergency Management, Henan Polytechnic University, China

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