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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the affecting factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and it’s components in Korean adults in their 30s and 40s. Methods: The present study assessed 1,215 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014. We analyzed the prevalence rate of MetS and it’s components and their affecting factors. Results: The prevalence rate of MetS was 16%. Family history of diabetes mellitus and, low or high saturated fat intake were associated with MetS in males. Low income, low education, excessive sleep, excessive carbohydrate and low saturated fat intake were associated with MetS in females. Triglycerides showed the highest prevalence in males and were related to white collar socioeconomic status, smoking, and obesity. Triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were high in females, and triglycerides were affected by excessive sleep, family history, low saturated fat intake, and obesity. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was affected by obesity. Conclusions: Because sex differences exist in MetS, it is necessary to intervene through diverse approaches. In particular, a continuous management and preventive intervention for obesity is needed.