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영어

This paper is a comparative study on the Mokmin Thought of early modern East Asia. The Mokmin Thought means the governance act of nurturing the people is being on the pretense of the politicians' political idea. In other words, it is the political thought that emphasizes on the mindset of the politicians to be put in the democracy, and at the same time it requires the quality of the politician to be a complete character who has cultivated oneself so as to govern others. There was a great Mokmin thinker, Zhang Yanghao in the early modern period of East Asia. He himself was a widely experienced official during Chinese Yuan Dynasty, wrote “Mokmin Advice(『牧民忠告』)”for the local officials, and completed a trilogy as a so-called political guidance even for the central high-ranking officials. This trilogy was bound in one volume and published as “Governance Advice(『爲政忠告』)”, which later was called “Three Affairs Advice(『三事忠告』)”. The trilogy was of course transmitted to Joseon and Japan as universal thought of early modern East Asia. However, it received different acceptances. In particular, it had attentions from the Japanese politics of the 19th century, and later published as “Governance of Three Parts Book(『爲政三部書』)” in the mid-20th century. This book demonstrated the usefulness and universality of the Mokmin Thought in its fullness. In contrast the one accommodated by early modern Korea was not the trilogy, but “Mokmin Advice” only. It was published three times until 1578. However, no Korean version of “Mokmin Advice” is in existence. During Joseon Dynasty, a lot of attention was given to the Mokmin Thought from “Mokminsimgam(『牧民心鑑』)” which was published during Chinese Ming Dynasty. On the development of Mokmin Thought, there was Dasan Jeong Yakyong's “Mokminsimseo (『牧民心書』 : The Mind of Governing the People)”. The research about the “Mokminsimseo” has aroused intense scholarly interest in this 21th century. Hevertheless, there is no systematic book published which can be appraised as a general view. WHY?

한국어

본고는 근세동아시아의 목민사상에 관한 비교연구이다. 목민사상이란 백성을 양육한다는 통치행위를 위정자의 정치사상에 가탁한 것이다. 즉 백성을 통치하는 위정자의 마음가짐을 민본주의에 둘 것을 강조하고 동시에 위정자의 자질로서 수기치인의 의해 완성된 인격체를 요구하는 정치사상이다. 근세동아시아에서 대표적인 목민사상가에 장양호가 있다. 중국원대에 관료생활을 두루 경험한 장양호는 지방관리 차원의 『목민충고』를 비롯해서 중앙고위관료 차원까지 이른바 관료들의 정치지침서로서 삼부작을 완성하였다. 이 삼부작이 합본되어 간행된 것이 『위정충고』이며 『삼사충고』이다. 삼부작은 중국은 물론 근세동아시아 보편사상으로서 조선과 일본에도 전래되었다. 하지만 그 수용형태는 달랐다. 특히 19세기 일본정치계에서 주목받으며 수용된 장양호의 삼부작은 20세기 중엽에 『위정삼부서』로서 발간되면서 목민사상의 유용성과 보편성을 유감없이 발휘하였다. 반면 근세한국에 수용된 것은 삼부작이 아닌 『목민충고』뿐이며, 1578년까지 3차례나 간행되었지만 현존하는 한국판 『목민충고』는 없다. 조선시대에 주목받은 것은 중국명대에 간행된 『목민심감』의 목민사상이었으며, 그 목민사상의 발전선상에 다산 정약용의 『목민심서』가 있었다. 21세기인 현재 『목민심서』에 관한 연구 열기는 뜨겁다. 하지만 통설로서 평가할 만큼 체계적인 단행본은 아직 보이지 않는다. 왜일까.