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영어

The most distinctive feature to determine the gender difference in modern Japanese is shown in the final word of a sentence by the style. Women have a tendency to attach a postposition to the conclusive auxiliary verb「ダ」in order to represent feminine expression rather than「だ」which can have too conclusive connotation. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the expression shown in『Ukiyoburo』and『Umekoyomi』to find out the gender difference in conclusive expression used in the late Bakuhu through the Meiji. Even though it is somewhat difficult to generalize the usages shown in each work, this study can conclude as follows: 1. There is no gender difference in works in Edo language but in the late Bakuhu the male language had a distinctive tendency to use「ダ＋Ø」form and the female language did「ダ＋ postposition」form. 2.「ダゼ(daze」and「ダゾ(dazo)」were the male language in modern Japanese. In 『浮世風呂(Ukiyoburo), however, they were used in the lower female class in the Edo and then disappeared in the late Bakuhu through the Meiji. 3. To attach「ダネ(dane)・ダヨ(dayo)」to a noun is for the male language in modern language, but it was the usage irrespective of sex in the period. Moreover, according to the speaker-hearer relation, it is supposed that「ダネ(dane)・ダヨ(day o)」would be used to represent the affection between the higher class and the lower class rather than to employ rough language. 4. The number of usage「ダノ(dano)」found in works in the Edo gradually decreased with the changes of the times and the usage was not found among young people without distinction of age or sex. 5. The usage with the distinctive pronunciation「ダワ(dawa)」began to appear in the works of Meiji 20's. It is supposed that the conclusive expression「ダワ(dawa)」 was used for female use only.