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Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participation in social activities on the subjective health satisfaction of the elderly in groups with and without chronic diseases. Methods : Data were used from the "2014 the Korean Elderly Survey" and the subjects were 10,451 persons aged 65 years or older. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Results : The results of this study were as follows. In the case of the elderly without chronic diseases, only the employment status (β=.135, p<.01) had a significant effect on the health of the elderly. In the case of elderly people with chronic illness, participation in lifelong education (β=.183, p<.001), participation in social group (β=.277, p<.001), volunteer work experience (β=.060, p<.05), and employment status (β=.342, p<.001) had a significant effect on health. Conclusions : Policies and systems are needed to actively encourage and support the social activities of the elderly. Additionly, care and attention are needed to provide social jobs for the elderly and build a sustainable network.