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영어

Song Shilie, living in the chaos from 1592 to 1637 of Korean Dynasty, pursued the ideal of Ming-Dynasty-advocating and Qing-Dynasty-rejecting, as well as the Northern Expedition Theory put forward by Emperor of Song Dynasty. The main characters in the writing as Three Ministers’ Biography and Min Longyanxing’s Biography are men who were loyal to their nationality. They has been worshipped as the national heroes from that time to the next hundreds of years. It was Song Shilie’s writing that made Three Ministers and Min Xing as heroes. Three Ministers’ Biography and Min Longyanxing’s Biography are the most representative works among the biography literature which took War during 1636-1637 as the theme. The main characters in Three Ministers’ Biography were Hong Yihan, Yin Ji and Wu Daji, who advocated haws and lost their lives in the War during 1636-1637; while the leading character in Min Longyanxing’s Biography was Min Xing who led his 13 family members to commit suicide at Kanghwa Island. Facing the invasion of Qing Dynasty, all of them had been fighting even until they lost their lives. Three Ministers were massacred; Min Xing, with all of his family members, committed suicide, lest they suffered humiliations from troops of Qing Dynasty. Three Ministers referred to three men who are haws during the War, thus they were also called Three Haws, or Three Ministers during 1636-1637. When the Korean Dynasty surrendered and made peace with Qing Dynasty, the responsibility of starting the war was blamed on the haws. Three Ministers were required to be sent to Qing Dynasty. Hong Yihan, the representative of haws, was seized by Qing troops and sent to Shenyang; while Yin Ji and Wu Daji came forward to take responsibility. None of them yielded to Qing’s carrot and stick, thus were murdered at last. Min Longyanxing’s Biography was a biography about Min Xing, also written by Song Shilie. When War during 1636-1637, the Kanghwa Island was occupied by the Qing troops, Min Xing, with his family members, committed suicide at the Tiandeng Temple on the Moni Mountain. Min Xing gave up the imperial examination,and immersed himself in researching literature and history. He was the national hero who stuck to reputation and integrity.

한국어

‘숭명배청’ 사상과 효종의 북벌론을 적극 주장했던 우암(尤庵) 송시열(宋時烈)이 살다간 17세기 무렵은 조선이 임진․정묘⋅병자호란을 치른 혼란한 시기였다. 병자호란을 제재로 한 전기문학에는 송시열이 집전한 <삼학사전(三學士傳)>․<민용암성전(閔龍巖垶傳)>이 가장 대표적이라 할 수 있는데 이 작품의 주인공들은 각각 병자호란의 척화(斥和)의 책임을 물어 죽게 된 홍익한(洪翼漢)․윤집(尹集)․오달제(吳達濟)와 병자호란 시기 강화도에서 온 가족 13명이 자결로 정절을 지킨 민성(閔垶)이다. <삼학사전>․<민용암성전>에서 이 작품의 주 인공들은 모두 그 당시에 일컬었던 ‘의’를 지킨 인물로 그 시기, 나아가 그 후 수백 년 동안 영웅으로 추존되면서 만인의 칭송을 받았다. 이들은 모두 비장한 죽음으로 청에 대응했는데 홍익한․윤집․오달제는 청과 설전을 벌리다 참형당하고 민성은 청에 의한 욕(辱)을 피하려 고 일가 13명이 자결하였다. 이른바 삼학사란 병자호란의 척화신으로 척화삼학사 또는 병자 삼학사라고도 한다. 조선이 청에 항복하고 화의가 성립되자, 청에서는 전쟁의 책임을 척화론 자에게 돌려 이들을 청에 압송할 것을 요구했다. 홍익한은 대표적인 척화론자로 평양에서 회 군하는 청군에 잡혀 심양으로 압송됐으며 윤집과 오달제는 스스로 척화론자로 나섰다. 이 셋 은 청의 회유와 협박에 굴하지 않고 척화의 대의를 끝까지 밝히다가 모두 처형당했다. <민용 암성전>은 우암 송시열의 작품으로, 병자호란 당시 강화도가 함락되자 가족들과 함께 마니산 천등사(天燈寺)에 올라가 자결한 민성(閔垶)의 인물전기이다. 주인공 민성은 과거를 포기하 고 문사(文史)에는 방종하고 명예와 절개를 지키는데 매우 힘을 썼던 인물이다.