earticle

영어

The purpose of this study is to explain aspects of shamanistic music and dance (巫俗樂舞) and ancestral ritual music and dance (祭禮樂舞) in oracle bone script (胛骨卜辭). The writer tries to investigate aspects of music and dance in the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty because he/she took note of the fact that the traditional music and dance of early date can be checked in it. Therefore, the characteristics of shamanistic music and dance and ancestral ritual music and dance in the oracle bone script were investigated and revealed through the following process. First, ancestral rites of the Shang Dynasty and shamans[巫]' status were examined. In this regard, a series of process called ancestral rites was arranged by shamans and the aspects of music and dance used in that moment were revealed. Second, kinds of ancestral rites for blood relatives in the royal family of the Shang Dynasty were examined and elements of ancestral ritual music and dance produced in them were explored. Third, the aspects of shamanistic music and dance and ancestral ritual music and dance in the oracle bone script based on the contents studied above were investigated and revealed as follows: First, shamanistic music and dance uncovered in the oracle bone script were found to be all dance related to rituals for rain [求雨舞·雩舞]. Therefore, for dance tools(舞具) in ‘求雨舞’, 'oxtail', 'feathers from birds', 'flagpoles' and 'flags' were used. And shamanistic music and dance were shown as the aspects of ‘Danomu다노무(多老舞)’, ‘Imu이무(隶舞)’, and ‘Hwangmu(䍿 舞: Dance with a hat with feathers)’. And the words used in ancestral ritual music and dance of the royal family in the Shang Dynasty uncovered in the oracle bone script were found to be 'feathers from birds', 'pipes', etc. and ancestral ritual music and dance were found to be Hwangmu(䍿舞: Dance with a hat with feathers)’, ‘Wumu(羽舞: Dance with feathers)’, ‘Yakmu(龠舞: Dance with pipes)’, etc. The above study is thought to make a contribution to development of studies on music and dance's aesthetics in the ancient Shang Dynasty by exploring the aspects of music and dance recorded in the oracle bone script that have not concretely been discussed until now.

한국어

이 연구는 갑골복사(胛骨卜辭)에서 무속악무(巫俗樂舞)와 제례악무(祭禮樂舞) 양상을 밝히는 것이다. 본 연구에서 상대(商代) 악무 양상을 갑골복사에서 파악하고자 했던 이유는, 고대 상나라 악무체계를 확인할 수 있다는 데 주목하였기 때문이다. 이에 다음과 같은 논의 과정을 통해 갑골복사에서 무속악무와 제례악무의 특징을 다음과 같 이 규명하였다. 첫 번째는, 상나라 제사의 일련 된 과정은 무당의 주관 하에 진행되었으며, 특별 한 제사가 거행될 때 무당은 악무를 사용했다는 점이다. 두 번째는, 상대 왕실제사가 봉행될 때는 특징적인 악무형태가 이루어졌다는 것이다. 이에 복사에서 파악된 무속악 무들은 모두 기우제와 관련된 춤[求雨舞·雩舞]으로 밝혀졌으며, ‘구우무(求雨舞)’에서 무구(舞具)들은 ‘소꼬리’, ‘새의 깃털’, ‘깃대’, ‘깃발’ 등이 사용된 것으로 드러났다. 또한 기우제와 관계된 춤으로는 ‘다노무(多老舞)’, 방무(方舞), ‘이무(隶舞)’, ‘황무( 舞)’ 로 밝혀졌다. 또한 왕실 제례악무에서는 ‘새의 깃털’, ‘피리’가 주 된 무구들로 활용되었으 며, 때에 따라 북을 사용한 춤[鼓舞]이 함께 추어진 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 왕실제 사에서 거행된 제례악무는 봉황무[䍿舞]’, ‘우무(羽舞·翹舞)’, ‘약무(龠舞)’, 고무(鼓舞) 로 확인되었다. 이상, 본 연구는 지금까지 논급되지 못한 갑골복사에서 상나라 악무 양 상들을 규명하였다는 점에서 의의를 지니며, 나아가 상나라 악무 연구 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.