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영어

Dano (端午, pronounced "Duanwu" in Chinese) is a traditional holiday in both Korea and China. Festivals celebrating this day are held for 40 days around May 5 according to the lunar calendar. The Gangneung Dano Festival, which has been established based on the geographic characteristics and traditional customs of Gangneung, and the Duanwu Festival, which integrates Duanwu cultures in four regions of China, were declared UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2005 and 2009, respectively, for the cultural values of the traditional customs unique to each country. This study comparatively analyzes the ceremonies and activities including religious rituals of the Gangneung Dano Festival and the Duanwu Festival registered as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Korea and China, which have a long history and culture, have developed their own unique cultures while influencing each other in many ways. The Gangneung Dano Festival and the Duanwu Festival have commonalities while preserving their own traditions and cultures in spite of the changes in times. The Gangneung Dano Festival features a variety of ceremonies and performances based on traditional Korean beliefs such as Confucianism, Shamanism, Buddhism, and Taoism. In addition to the intangible cultural heritages with excellent artistry such as Dano gut (shamanistic ritual), mask theater, nongak (farmers 'music), and nongyo (farmers' songs), unique customs including swinging, washing hair in water infused with sweet flags, eating rice cake made with marsh plants have also been passed down. The Gangneung Dano Festival has strong religious and ritual implications as it focuses on ceremonies for gods and even includes strict Confucian rites and shamanistic rituals that accompany such ceremonies, which are not found in China's Duanwu Festival. The Duanwu Festival in China is characterized by the dragon totem worship and dragon boat racing passed down from the states of Wu and Yue. The festival is based on regional customs and also includes ceremonies to commemorate historical figures who are known for their fidelity or filial piety. Ceremonies for these great men are closer to commemorative events or festivals rather than memorial services. Both the Gangneung Dano Festival and the Duanwu Festival were listed as world cultural heritage for their unique traditions and cultures. They have values that were recognized as important heritage of humanity. To maintain such values, great efforts for preservation and transmission are needed, because it is as important to preserve and transmit a culture, as to create one.