earticle

영어

This paper discusses a research conducted on the translations of Lin Zexu and Hukuzawa Yukiti during the time of modernization when China and Japan accepted Western cultures. It sheds renewed light on the importance of translation during the modernization period from the perspective of translation sociology by reviewing the characteristics of translation, translated materials, the institutions responsible, and the context in which Hukuzawa Yukiti and Lin Zexu were placed on the early days of modernization. For China and Japan, in the modernization process of East Asia, translation started out as a means to protect their borders from foreign invasions and to promote domestic development, but their approaches to translation varied, thus resulting in different translation characteristics. In terms of translation sources, Lin Zexu mainly translated information necessary for wars such as Western judicial systems and geography whereas Hukuzawa Yukiti translated dictionaries, introductions of the West, and academic or economic essays. Their translations show different characteristics in that Lin Zexu adopted edited translation methods, while adding his personal opinions or stances, whereas Hukuzawa Yukiti incorporated Japanese-Chinese (Kanji), pure Japanese, and native Chinese characters, resulting in a mixture of languages, often retranslated from Chinese or English, and nomenclated new words if corresponding Japanese words were nonexistent.