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Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of nursing work environments based on department type and to investigate the relationship between work environment and job satisfaction. Methods : The participants were 420 nurses from the ward, emergency room, intensive care unit, and operation room. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe’s test, and multiple regression test using the SPSS Win. 18.0 program. Results : The results were as follows: There was a significant difference in possibilities for development, meaning of work, recognition(reward), role clarity, and social community at work based on department type. The factors that influenced job satisfaction were influence, meaning of work, recognition(reward), role conflicts, and quality of leadership and these differed based on department type. Conclusions : The results of this study indicate that nursing work environments vary based on the type of hospital department. Therefore, it is necessary to develop diverse strategies for human resource management considering the type of department.