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Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effects of rehabilitation therapy(RT) on knee muscle strength(KMS) in the elderly with total knee arthroplasty(TKA) through meta-analysis of randomized or non-randomized studies published or unpublished in domestic and foreign country between 1980 and 2012. Methods: From electronic database 767 studies were retrieved, of which 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. The data basis included Medline, CINAHL, KERIS, National Library of Korea, National Assembly Library, Korean Society of Nursing Science, Korean Society of Adult Nursing, Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, Korean Society of Muscle and Joint Health web sites. Words for the search were ‘TKA’ or ‘TKA and rehabilitation’ or ‘TKA and KMS’. The data were analyzed characteristics, effect size, effect variables and measurement tools of RT for KMS using the RevMan 5.3 program of the Cochrane library. Results: Type of RT was exercise therapy(range of motion exercise, aerobic exercise and machine-based exercise etc) or non-exercise therapy(education program, electric muscle stimulation, imagination therapy, musical therapy, massage etc). Effect variables for KMS were flexion, extension, ROM, peak torque, muscle strength and muscle function etc. Measurement tools were CPM(Contineous Passive Motion) machine, dynamometer, goniometer, knee isokinetic(KI), HSS(Hospital for Special Surgery), KSS(Knee Society Scale), LS(Lysholm Scale) and WOMAC(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index). Total effect size of RT on KMS was significant. Effect sizes of RT on KMS were significant for dynamometer, KI and KSS but not significant for CPM machine, goniometer, HSS, LS and WOMAC. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that RT is effective for KMS in the elderly with TKA and dynamometer/KI/KSS are safe tools for KMS measurement. But there's need to statement completely contents of RT and be careful for selection of KMS measurement tools.