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This study examines the role that narrative voice plays in the aesthetics of modernist and contemporary fiction in English and Korean literature, focusing on the concept of polyphony as a means of reflecting and expressing the interior. The study grew out of the author’s earlier research on translation strategies for Korean first-person narratives and on existing Korean translations of Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, which shed light on the larger notion of narrative voice and polyphony in modern fiction and how it should or could be recaptured in translation. This paper offers an analysis of opening passages from a total of 11 novels and stories written in either English or Korean with recognized for their distinctive narrative voice, focusing on narratological techniques including first-person interior monologue and free indirect style. A detailed grammatical analysis of spoken Korean serves as an important basis in the text analysis. The study concludes with a proposal of methods for recognizing and translating voice elements in Korean and English narratives into English and Korean, respectively, by defining the relationships that the literary prose and narratological techniques used in the two languages correspond and interconnect.