earticle

영어

While the so-called guyeoseong (old women) in Korea, whose lives were so bounded by traditional norms, have been subjected to men, their opposites shinyeoseong (new women) have endeavored to free themselves of conventionalities born out of male chauvinism, a belief in the innate superiority of men over men, as a result of which the latter took the lead in bringing women`s liberation movement to fruition. This feminist movement came from an attempt to do away with conventional male chauvinism through which women should demand education, social activity and rights all of whose level is equal to men`s. So, women during this era been also required to work like men as part of tackling obstacles so that they can push ahead with the movement. The 1920s and 1930s colonial Korea under Japanese rule has undergone urbanization and industrialization, during which there has been, at the same time, a huge increase in the number of female workforce in factories and service sectors. The so-called jikup-buin (working woman) in this period refers to a woman who works by receiving regular wage from her employer. The types of women`s occupation that emerged in this period include clerk, teacher, telephone operator, nurse, medical doctor, midwife, journalist, actress, typest and so forth. Especially, occupations ending with suffixes of “girl” started to appear in the 1920s that include “halo-girl (hello-girl: telephone operator), “shop-girl (clerk)”, “depart-girl (department store girl: clerk at department store)”, “bus-girl”, “elevator-girl”, “cafe-girl”, etc.; they seemed quite new occupations for Korean women in this period. This research has explored how the discourse on “working women” in 1920s and 1930s colonial Korea was formed content-wise, by looking into this discoure appeared from women`s magazines of this period.

한국어

전통적인 규범 속에서 살아가던 구여성들은 남성에 종속적인 지위에 있었는데, 소위 신여성을 중심으로 이러한 남존여비 사상의 인습적 속박 으로부터 해방되기 위한 여성해방 운동이 일어났다. 여성해방 운동은 전통적인 남존여비 사상을 타파하고 남성들과 동일한 교육, 동일한 활동 , 동일한 권리를 주장하는데서 비롯하였다. 당시의 여성들에게 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 여성들에게도 직업의 필요성이 요구되었다. 일제강점기 조선의 1920-1930년대는 도시화, 산업화가 진행되었던 시기로, 공장 또는 서비스 업종에 종사하며 여성인력이 증가하는 시기이기 도 하였다. 직업부인이란 보수를 받으며 일하는 여성을 지칭하는 말이다. 당시의 직업의 종류를 살펴보면, `여점원, 교사, 전화교환수, 간호부, 여의사, 산파, 여기자, 여배우, 타이피스트` 등이 있었으며, 20년대 후반에는 `할로걸, 숍걸, 데파트걸, 버스걸, 엘리베이터걸, 카페걸` 등의 `― 걸`이 등장한다. 이러한 직업군은 조선여성에 있어서는 새로운 직업이었다. 본 연구에서는 일제강점기의 여성잡지에 나타난 직업여성에 관한 담론을 통해서 당시의 담론 형성이 어떠한 내용을 중심으로 이루어져 갔는 지에 대해 살펴보았다.