earticle

영어

There is a difference in external exchanges during the emerging period of Mahan in Honam region depending on its districts. The Bronze Age culture having flourished thanks to immigration of the Old Joseon inhabitants in the 4th century B.C. flowed in the area over the basin of Geum and Mangyeong Rivers, together with the Iron Age culture that came in full scale following the southward advance of the King Jun in the 2nd century B.C. At about the 1st century B.C., however, no more marks of external exchanges could be traced up along with the drastic decrease in number of relics. On the contrary, the relics of the age upto the 3rd century B.C. have been confirmed periodically in the area of Yeongsan River and southwestern coastal area, with those of the 2nd century onward increasing particularly swiftly. In the 1st century B.C., exchanges with foreign countries were actively performed via the maritime trade routes connecting China-Korean Peninsular-Japan and relics have been excavated extensively centering around the area where maritime and inland waterways were connected conveniently. Although it may be too hasty to conclude since there are few relics having been investigated in the area of Seomjin River and southeastern coastal area, the maritime trade seemed to have been made actively in the area judging from the ancient Chinese coins unearthed on Geomun Island. Since the trade routes connecting China-Korean Peninsular-Japanese Chains of Islands were centralized around the coast and isles in the southern sea, lots of relics are expected to be unearthed in the future from the areas of Seomjin River and southeastern coast which were situated along the then trade routes. The external exchanges performed during the emerging period of Mahan in Honam region could be divided roughly into 3 stages in terms of the relics excavated. The 1st stage would stand for the period ranging from the 4th to the 3rd century B.C. when the migrants of Old Joseon made influx into the Korean Peninsula in large numbers following the eastward invasion ventured by Gen. Qin Kai (秦開) of Yan Dynasty (燕) in China. The 2nd stage would correspond to the period from the 2nd to the 1st century B.C. when the King Jun, after the defeat by Wiman, moved southward to the basin of Geum and Mangyeong Rivers, the ironware of Yan Dynasty came in full scale, clusters of large-sized tombs were constructed and relics including ironware and glass beads made mainly in the foreign countries were buried as accessories. In the 3rd stage, it became difficult to make negotiations with Hangunhyun administrative areas since Mahan wasn't able to grow politically in the basin of Geum and Mangyeong Rivers following the fall of Old Joseon and subsequent establishment of Hangunhyun administration (漢郡縣). However, the basin of Yeongsan River and the southwestern coastal area succeeded in making active external exchanges through the maritime trade routes connecting China-Korean Peninsular-Japanese Chains of Islands during the period ranging from the 1st century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D.

한국어

호남지역 마한성립기 대외교류는 지역에 따라 차이를 보인다. 금강ㆍ만경강유역은 기원전 4세기 고조선계 주민의 이주로 발전된 청동기문화가 유입되고, 기원전 2세기에 준왕의 남하로 본격적인 철기문화가 유입된다. 하지만 기원전 1세기를 전후하여 더 이상 대외교류의 흔적이 확인되지 않고 유적도 급격하게 감소한다. 이에 반해 영산강ㆍ서남해안지역은 기원전 3세기까지의 유적은 간헐적으로 확인되다가 기원전 2세기 이후의 유적은 급증한다. 기원전 1세기에는 중국-한반도-일본열도를 연결하는 해상 교역로를 통한 활발한 대외교류가 이루어지며, 유적의 분포도 해상과 내륙 수로교통이 편리한 지역에 집중된다. 섬진강ㆍ동남해안지역은 조사된 유적이 많지 않아 속단하기에 이르지만 거문도 출토 오수전을 통해 볼 때 해상 교역이 활발하게 이루어졌을 것으로 추정한다. 당시 중국-한반도-일본열도를 연결하는 교역로가 남해 연안과 도서지역에 집중된 것으로 보아 교역로 상에 위치한 섬진강ㆍ동남해안지역에서도 앞으로 많은 유적이 조사될 것으로 보인다. 호남지역 마한성립기 대외교류는 출토유물을 통해 볼 때 크게 3단계로 구분할 수 있다. 1단계는 燕나라 장수 진개(秦開)의 동방경략으로 고조선 유민이 한반도에 대거 유입되는 시기로써 연대는 기원전 4세기～기원전 3세기에 해당된다. 2단계는 위만에게 패한 준왕이 금강ㆍ만경강유역으로 남하하면서 중국 연나라 철기가 본격적으로 유입되며 대규모 군집묘(群集墓)가 축조되고, 부장품도 철기와 유리옥 등 주로 외래계 유물이 부장된다. 연대는 기원전 2세기～기원전 1세기에 해당된다. 3단계는 기원전 108년 고조선 멸망과 한군현(漢郡縣)의 설치로 마한의 정치적 성장이 억제되면서 금강ㆍ만경강유역은 한군현과의 교섭이 어려워진다. 하지만 영산강ㆍ서남해안은 중국-한반도-일본열도를 연결하는 해상 교역로를 통해 활발한 교류가 이루어진다. 연대는 기원전 1세기～기원후 2세기에 해당된다.