earticle

영어

Cultural distance (CD) is a widely researched topic in the international business field, and researchers synthetize the overabundance of differences between home and host countries, which hinder firms’international operations. In this study, we first employ bibliometric techniques to relevant influential CD research articles published in leading IB journals from 1988 (JIBS, IBR, JIM, MIR etc.). We provide a historical overview and study how CD has been operationalized over the past few decades. Our study first focuses on CD models based on Hofstede, GLOBE, and Schwartz's dimensions; the collection and analysis of data for measuring CD in different ways; dependent variables of CD measurement; and existing problems in CD measurement. Determining which CD measure dimensions are most frequently used in the last decades' research is one of our study's aims. Then, we have tried to implement comparative analysis using different CD measures regarding the influence on foreign direct investment, trade, and international travelers with the economic distance, administrative distance, and geographical distance. Through the results of comparative empirical analysis, we discuss which CD measure may be the most significant in our IB study based on Hofstede six dimensions, Hofstede four dimensions, GLOBE dimensions, or Schwartz's dimensions.