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영어

Zhu Xi’s concept of legal execution was influenced by the traditional concept of Confucianism, but in view of the arbitrariness and imprudence of the Song Dynasty officials and the excessive looseness of the judicial system, Zhu Xi criticized the popular concepts of “karma” and “sympathy”. Having reflected on the reality of justice, Zhu Xi proposed his own “strict-oriented” concept of law enforcement, which calls for limiting the redemption, using penalties carefully and emphasizing the Confucian-Ethics and other measures relating. However, Zhu Xi’s practice of law enforcement are characterized as going beyond the law, protecting the weak, convicting subjectively. In practice, the “strict-oriented” concept doesn’t mean completely abiding by the law, but promoting the implementation of the Confucian values. Zhu Xi’s “strict-oriented” concept and practice of law enforcement is instructive for the construction and introspection of reasonable legislation, judicial justice, proper punishment and effective governance of China in nowadays.

중국어

朱熹的法律执行理念固然受儒家传统观念影响，但鉴于宋代官吏执法随意、用刑过宽之弊，朱熹着力批判流行的“福祸报应”与“钦恤宽罪”观念。反思现实司法之余，朱熹提出“以严为本，以宽济之”的法律执行理念，通过限制赎刑、明谨用刑不留狱、强调纲常伦理等方面表达。然而，朱熹执法实践呈现纲常超越法律、专门保护弱者、主观定案用刑之特点，“以严为本”在实践中并非旨在倡导严格遵循律文，而透露出对儒家价值理念的竭力伸张。朱熹“以严为本，以宽济之”的法律执行理念与实践于当下国家合理立法、公正司法、刑罚正当、高效治理等方面的构建与反思均富有启发意义。