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영어

This is a paper about music style of Shichang, which literally means 'poem singing'. The poems in Shichang actually means those made by Korean literatus, using Chinese characters, with the form of Chinese poetry. Several Shichangs sung by scholars of Chinese classics and professional musicians were analyzed, and musical range, mode, rhythmic structure, Buchimsae(text setting), etc. were examined. The range of Shichang is very wide, which amounts to an octave and a half. It has pentatonic scale and sol-mode that sol, the lowest tone in scale, is used as a final tone. Its tempo is very slow, rhythm is irregular, and a unit of a phrase is supposed to have a relationship with breath. As fat as Buchimsae is concerned, It has a style of 'Eodan seongjang 語短聲長', which literally means that 'pronunciation is short, melodic line is long'. One phrase in Chinese poem has 7 characters, but it is divided into 4 units (2-2-2-1) in Shichang, and a vowel of the second character is lengthened, so become melismatic. The Shichangs sung by professional musicians are regarded as refined music in comparison with those of Chinese classics scholars. Some Shichangs of professional musicians have been recorded on discs, others have been inserted in Pansori, but they all have same melody. Shichang originally was a music that one melody has various words. However, Yulchang(also a kind of poem singing) 〈Gwansan Yungma 關山戎馬〉 of Seodo province(contemporary Pyeongyang province) is a separate one from Shichang. It is a song singing only a poem 〈Gwansan Yungma〉 which was made by Shin Gwangsu 申光洙(1712~1775). They are different from each other, also in that Yulchang has a symmetrical structure in melody. Shichang can be considered as a ruling class music in Joseon Dynasty because its texts were poems using Chinese characters, which contrasts with Shijochang(Shijo singing), using poems by Korean characters.