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영어

At the end of the nineteenth century, this period, Joseon Dynasty was a serious time of crisis when the ruling order of the Joseon Dynasty collapsed and the lives of its people were threatened seriously by the tyranny of the corrupt and incompetent Joseon Dynasty. On the other hand, externally, the imperialistic aggressive policies of the Western powers was driving the Joseon Dynasty into urgent crisis for themselves. In these crises, in Naepo region under the spread of Donghak religion, Donghak Peasant Revolution for 'a new world' into which the peasantry wanted to change the old feudal dynasty was expanding since the Gobu peasant revolt had taken place in January 1894. After showing a movement calling for the exoneration of its founder of the false charges laid against him and for which he had been put to death through early Gongju convention of 1892 to Gwanghwamun complex petition of 1893 and Boeun convention, the power of the Donghak organization in Naepo region began to overcome a time of underground and exert great influences within Bukjeob. At midnight on the last day of September, the Revolution began in each Naepo region by a decree of uprising from Bak Inho in Naepo region belonging to the church of Bukjeop Choe Sihyeong. After the spread of Donghak in Naepo region, as it was extending its territory, its organzation in Naepo region formed a relatively unique group called 'Yepo' and 'Deokpo' whose activities were centered on the area Yesan and whose central figures were Bak Inho and Bak heuiin. With the start of the Revolution, the principal leaders of Naepo Donghak instituted 'Yepo Daedoso' where they conducted a total movement, strengthened the armed by occupying the arsenal of every county office in Naepo region, and prepared against all-out war. The activities of Confucians in Daeheung region continued to keep its strength for maintaining the established order and defending their acquired rights according to the careful planning of the Daeheung magistrate Yi Changse. Daeheung Confucian army with organized as above once quailed because Donghak peasant army occupied the Daeheung county office, but as soon as Donghak peasant army was defeated since the government army of Hongju county attacked Yepo Daedoso, the Confucial army started to actively attack the peasant army again. After organized again in Yeomi field, Donghak peasant army gained a victory on victory over Myeoncheon Seungjeon-mok battle, bloodless entrance in Myeoncheon fortress, Gwanjakri battle, etc. As a result, most of the county offices in Naepo region were occupied by the peasant army, and the morale of the peasant army was high up as if it seemed to pierce the sky. However, while the peasant army failed to attack Hongju fortress instead of a plan to sally northward for Hanyang, the activities of the Dong hak peasant army in Naepo region were decaying rapidly because of Japanese army's chasing, Confucian and Anti-revolution army's apprehension and oppression about the peasant army. Eventually, The leaders of Donghak peasant army, with their dreaming of resurgence, lived a seclusive life deep in Gaya mountain and Charyeong range. After this, while playing advance combat troops, Donghak peasant army also took part in activities of army raised in the cause of justice in Byeongoh year. The leaders leading up to Donghak Peasant Revolution struggled to rebuild Donghak and gave a power of national independence movement. As a result, these activities were motivated to produce a lot of patriots and were believed to have a true meaning of the Revolution spirit in Naepo region.

한국어

19세기 말은 조선은 부패무능한 조선왕조의 폭정으로 통치질서가 무너지고 민중의 삶을 뿌리째 흔드는 심각한 위기의 시대였다. 대외적으로 서세동점의 거센 제국주의 침략노정은 조선의 풍전등화 그 자체였다. 이런 위기속에서 동학이 전래된 내포지역은 1894년 1월 고부봉기를 시작으로 낡은 봉건왕조을 바꿔 민중이 염원하는 ‘새로운 세상’을 향한 동학농민혁명으로 확산되었다. 일찍이 1892년 공주취회를 거쳐 1893년 광화문복합상소 등을 통해 교조신원운동과 보은취회에서 보여준 내포동학조직의 역량은 그간 조직화 되지 못한 은도시대를 극복하고 북접의 범주에서 큰 위력을 발휘하기 시작하였다. 북접 해월 최시형의 교단에 속해 9월 그믐날 밤 12시, 내포지역 박인호의 기포령에 의해 내포 각 지역에서 혁명이 시작되었다. 동학 전래 과정 이후 세력이 형성되면서 ‘예포’와 ‘덕포’라는 비교적 단일한 조직체를 형성했던 내포동학조직은 예산을 중심으로 박인호와 박희인이 중심인물이었다. 혁명의 시작에 따라 주요지도자들은 혁명을 총지휘했던 ‘예포대도소’가 설치되었고, 각 군 관아 무기고 점령을 통해 무장을 강화하며 전면전에 대비하였다. 기존 질서를 지켜 기득권을 유지하려는 대흥지역 유림들의 활약은 대흥군수 이창세의 치밀한 계획에 따라 강성을 유지했다. 이를 통해 결성된 대흥유회군은 동학농민군의 대흥관아 점령으로 한때 주춤하였으나 내포초토영인 홍주목 관군의 예포대도소 기습공격으로 동학농민군이 패퇴하자 다시 적극적인 토벌에 나섰다. 여미벌 재기포 후 면천승전목 전투, 면천성 무혈입성, 관작리 전투 등 연전연승하면서 내포지역 관아는 대부분 동학농민군에 접수되었고 사기충천을 하늘을 찌를듯했다. 하지만 북상계획을 바꿔 홍주성 공격에 실패하자 일본군의 추격과 유회군, 민보군의 색출과 탄압으로 내포동학농민군의 활약은 급속히 소멸되기 시작했다. 내포동학농민군 지도자들은 가야산, 차령산맥 깊은 산속에서 재기를 꿈꾸며 도피생활했다. 전위부대로 활동하던 동학농민군은 병오년 의병활동에 참여하기도 했다. 내포동학농민혁명을 주도했던 지도자들은 동학재건에 힘썼으며 일제강점기 민족독립운동의 동력을 제공하였으며 많은 애국인물을 배출하는 계기가 되어 진정한 내포정신의 의미를 가지고 있다고 볼수 있다.