earticle

영어

This study is to determine the key factors of external and internal environmental characteristics, influencing the global market entry movement and performance of Korean venture companies. To meet the research purpose, external environmental factors were categorized into five variables, uncertainty, hostility and dynamism in domestic markets, and heterogeneity and munificence in overseas markets. Uncertainty refers to the degree of environmental instability and turbulence over time in the domestic market and reflects change that is hard to predict. Hostility relates to the extent of scarcity of environmental resources and the degree of competition for them. Dynamism characterizes fast and frequently changing environments. heterogeneity refers to environments that are composed by cultural dissimilarity, economic dissimilarity and the physical distance of international markets. Environmental munificence is defined as the higher levels of profitability or growth rates in which a firm may experience in the pursuing international market. In addition, internal environmental factors were consisted of overseas experiences, organizational structure and firm size, and entrepreneurship with innovativeness, pro-activeness and risk-taking. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed in order to test direct and contingency effects of environmental factors on the global market entry movement and performance of Korean venture companies. As result of the statistical analysis of 289 small and medium-sized enterprises with Korean Venture Certificate, it is verified that the motivation for global market entry has been influenced by hostility and dynamism related to domestic market, heterogeneity and munificence of overseas market, as well as overseas experience and all sub-variables of entrepreneurship. On the other hand, all factors, excepting firm size, have positive effect on performance created by internationalization. These findings have important implications for research in international market entry and performance of Korean venture companies. First, managers and CEOs should be aware that optimal international maket entry strategy and superior international performance may be led in a specific set of environmental combinations. they should carefully consider the potential benefits of uncertain, hostile, dynamic, diverse and munificent conditions in setting up the international market entry and in obtaining superior performance. Second, the results regarding the direct effects of entrepreneurship, organizational structure and foreign experience on international market entry and performance suggest that managers and CEOs should be persistent in their entrepreneurial activities trying to create organic structure and to develop the international experience of staffs. There is also a key contribution for policy makers stemming from the findings of this research. the government should not necessarily be drawn into policies that reduce uncertain and hostilie industrial conditions in domestic market. This may appear an odd result but Korean government can ensure that uncertainty and hostility exist for firms. This research has a potential limitation. the study did not perform examination of relationships between firms' internal and external environmental factors. Also, the further study may be necessary to measure the relationship between environmental factors and quantitative performance results of surveyed firms.

한국어

정부 산업정책의 전략적 지원단위인 벤처기업의 지속가능한 성장을 위해 해외진출의 중요성이 강조되는 경영환경 하에서, 본 연구는 벤처기업의 해외진출동기와 성과에 영향을 미치는 핵심요인을 규명하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이에 따라, 해외진출동기와 성과에 영향을 미치는 외부환경요인으로서 국내시장의 불확실성, 적대성, 동태성과 해외시장의 이질성과 풍요성을 측정하였다. 내부자원요인으로는 해외경험 및 조직구조, 자원규모로 대변된 조직자원과, 혁신성, 진취성, 위험감수성으로 구성된 기업가정신을 설정하였다. 실증분석을 위해 본 연구는 2010 벤처기업 정밀실태조사 데이터를 활용하여 연구목적에 충족하는 기업을 층화표본추출한 후 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 개별기업으로부터 회수된 총 289개의 응답데이터를 다중회귀모형으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 벤처기업의 해외진출동기에 영향을 미치는 외부환경요인으로는 국내시장의 적대성과 동태성, 해외시장의 풍요성으로확인되었다. 내부자원요인으로는 조직자원 중 해외경험과 기업가정신의 혁신성만이 동기에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 해외진출성과에 대한 영향요인을 살펴보면 해외시장의 풍요성과 조직자원의 자원규모를 제외한 모든 변수에서 유의한 정(+)의 영향관계가 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 국내시장과 해외시장으로 구분된 외부환경요인, 그리고 조직자원과 기업가정신으로 대변되는 내부자원요인이 벤처기업의 해외진출동기보다는 지속적인 해외진출성과를 달성하는 데에 유효성을 갖고 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결론에서는 분석결과에대한 해석을 포함하여, 벤처기업의 해외진출을 촉진시키기 위한 경영활동방향과 성과제고를 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시한다