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Objectives: This study was to investigate the factors that influence drinking behavior of national basic livelihood act recipients. Methods: This study used raw data from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) which was performed in 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t test, Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression Results: The rate of problem drinking among national basic livelihood act recipients was 49.6%. The significant factors of problem drinking were gender, marital status, education, depression, age of first drinking, current smoking, and BMI: gender had OR 2.89, marital status had OR 1.55, education had OR 1.26, depression had OR 1.64, age of first drinking had OR 0.95, current smoking had OR 2.40, BMI had OR 1.04. Conclusions: In conclusion, we need to conduct alcohol intervention programs for problem drinking behavior of national basic livelihood act recipients considering related factors.