원문정보
초록
영어
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between virtue and vocation in Aristotle. For Aristotle, by virtues that individuals could possess only when they should persistently try to do right actions, the main goal of happiness will be realized. Fundamentally, happiness, to use his words, is the virtuous activity of the soul. Above all, he emphasized that individual acts and practices must have the same target of the mean, the middle between the excess and the deficient. At the moment the notion of virtue in his view is formed in the process of any practices to be continuous and to be a guide in actions. When any workers who try to get the mean do their jobs in their own positions, therefore, his conception of virtue can be contributed to make them flexible and excellent by coping with diverse situations in reality. The labour of slaves in the ancient Greek society, in Aristotle’s view, is one of the significant elements to make an embodiment of his community as the ideal of virtue. Before any attempt to criticize his notion of slavery in terms of contemporary notions, for example, of equally human rights, it seems impossible that he could claim its abolition; but he obviously lived in the slavery, which might make him undeniable of the labour of slaves. Rather, it is more plausible that their labours in his mind be seen as one of the parts of the society. In that, Aristotle asserted, individuals have to have their own position by virtuous excellence harmonized with natural abilities, it is reasonable that the labour of slaves in his ideal community is also a process of the realization of their abilities. Aristotle made the conception of virtue widespread, involving different statues, classes, workers, the types of occupations, and so on. According to his view, to exercise and cultivate individual virtues for the mean in each own position is directly connected with the self-recognition that each worker is a moral subject who can fulfil each excellence by doing his or her job, lead a happy life, and be one of the resources of the final goal of the community. In conclusion, it must be the only evidence of the desirable feature of happiness, Aristotle reasserted, that workers’ abilities by virtue are actualized in the different types of occupations and in different statues. For him, without community it is impossible for each individual to pursue any goal of happiness, for human beings is a being that is naturally living in any communities. This means that happiness of individual is the exact same as that of community and that individual happiness can be developed only in the activity of community. Therefore, Aristotle’s ideal of virtue ethics in dealing with the aspect of vocations in the ancient Greek society can be considered as an essential endeavour to establish the desirable community in which individuals get their own jobs and cultivate virtues nearer to the mean for a whole life.
목차
2. 고대 계급사회에서의 직업
3. 직업 종사자들에 대한 아리스토텔레스의 인식
4. 직업의 실제들에 대한 아리스토텔레스의 비판
5. 결론 및 제언 : 바람직한 직업관의 확립을 통한 공동선의 지속 가능성 모색
참고문헌
키워드
- Aristotle
- virtue
- vocation
- happiness
- community
