earticle

영어

As part of the research project investigating colonial industrialization and Joseon special- purpose companies during the 1930s, the present study was conducted to empirically examine the formation and overall management of Gyeongchun Railroad Corporation. Founded in July 1936 with a capital of 10 million won, the corporation was led by staterun Joseon Siksan Bank and the Gyeongchun Railroad Support Association representing local people of Chuncheon, and Usijima Shozo(牛島省三) who had been served as Director of Home Affairs at the Japanese Government-General of Joseon was appointed its first president. The Japanese Government-General of Joseon supported the establishment and management of the corporation by granting subsidies to cover five percent of construction costs. On the other hand, it had private capital pooled from investors with different interests and designed a dual-control governance structure. The establishment of Gyeongchun Railroad Corporation was intended to build a rail line across the central part of Joseon between the industrial areas of Gyeongin and Samcheok, crossing Gyeongseongbu (now Seoul), the largest metropolis in the country at that time. Eventually, the railway line running 93.5 kilometers from Seongdong Station in Gyeongseongbu to Chuncheon Station was opened in July 1939. The case study of Gyeongchun Railroad Corporation indicates that the presence of the Japanese Government-General of Joseon during the colonial period was of economic significance in that it presented itself not merely as a colonial ruler, but as a designer of reasonable, efficient economic systems and policies, responding to the changing economic environment.

한국어

이 연구는 ‘1930년대 식민지 공업화와 조선형 특수회사 연구’의 일환으로 경춘 철도㈜의 설립과 경영의 전체상을 실증적으로 검토하였다. 1936년 7월 자본금 1,000만 원으로 설립된 경춘철도㈜는 경춘철도기성회와 조선식산은행이 주도하 였고, 초대 사장에는 조선총독부 내무국장 출신의 牛島省三이 취임하였다. 조선 총독부는 건설비 5%의 사철보조금을 교부해서 회사 설립과 경영을 지지하는 한 편, 이해관계를 달리하는 민간자본의 공동출자와 쌍대적 통제의 지배구조를 설 계하였다. 경춘철도㈜는 당시 조선 최대의 메트로폴리스 경성부를 교차점으로 경인과 삼척공업지대를 연결하는 중부 조선의 횡단선 부설이었고, 1939년 7월 경 성부 성동역과 춘천역을 연결하는 93.5km의 경춘선을 개통하였다. 경춘철도㈜의 사례 연구는 식민지기 조선총독부가 단순한 식민통치의 헤게모니에 그쳤던 것이 아니라 변화하는 경제환경에 대응하는 합리적인 경제제도와 산업정책의 설계자 혹은 실행자라는 경제사적 역할과 의의를 시사한다.