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영어

This essay explores the government examination was contained potential purpose not only selection of new governmental officials but also collection of new ideas about contemporary policies. The aim of this article is analyse the role of the state examination in the evaluation of governmental preliminary practical policy in the middle of the Choson dynasty. The main material is the answer sheet of the state examination including question which was contained in the posthumous work of Oh Dhal-Jae. The sheet, submitted in the higher level examination Munkwa(文科), contains discussing about practical policy in coin circulation. The examination was held in 1633 and the question was discussing about feasibility and efficiency of policy for the coin circulation under the authorized governmental department. This task was selected by the invigilators, as the government had been tried to resume circulation policy since the first Manchu invasion was cleared. The question was evaluation about policy efficiency on minting and circulation with historic trajectory. Oh Dhal-Jae had categorized the questions into six sub-questions and then response respectively. His solution was quite clear and general that was choosing authorized department and collecting the best officer who had a sense of responsibility. Final suggestion, however, throw a fundamental issue on the core point of Confucianism which was focusing on political justice but interest. When it comes to the result of this examination and the effect of Oh’s solution, the Choson government applied to the next practical policy for circulation such as appoint authorized minting agency. To sum up, the government tried to collect new ideas from elites in the state examination, and one of candidate Oh Dhal-Jae suggested the answer. For this reason state examination held in 1663 was a kind of interaction between the government and elite.

한국어

이 글은 인조조 행전책 추진 과정에서 과거를 통해 예비관료를 대상으로 행전에 대한 정책 질의가 있었으며, 이 과정에서 행전실태에 대한 평가가 이루어 졌음을 오달제의 사례를 통해 규명하였다. 이를 위해 책문(策問)과 대책(對策)을 대상으로 정책 입안자와 응시생의 시각에 대한 동시분석을 시도했다. 인조 11년(1633) 8월, 문과 초시에 동전의 유통방안에 대한 책문(策問)이 제출되었으며, 여기에 대해 오달제가 대책(對策)을 올렸다. 행전이 과제로 채택된 것은 인조 즉위 후 지속되고 있던 행전 시도가 그 배경이었다. 오달제는 제시된 많은 문제를 6개의 범주 속에 분류하고 이를 다시 2개의 축조(逐條)에 배치한 후 편종(篇終)을 구성했다. 그는 축조에서 동전의 역사[과거]와 정책의 실태[현재]를, 편종에서는 행전을 위한 방략[미래]을 서술했다. 그의 논지는 행전에 대한 ‘이해’보다는 군주의 ‘진심’이 발동한 ‘인의’의 관점에서 행전책이 실시되어야 한다는 것이었다. 오달제의 책문에 제시된 의견은 이 후 ‘행전사목(行錢事目)’이 보완되는 과정에서 포괄적으로 반영 되었다. 요컨대 인조 11년의 책문(策文)은 동전유통의 실행을 전제로 한 시관과 오달제의 지면 대화였으며, 그 속에는 당대의 행전실태가 투영되어 있었다.