earticle

영어

The energy-efficiency is the primary design issue, which greatly affects the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs). The hierarchical-based routing is a feasible solution for reducing the energy consumption in WSNs due to reduction of the redundant data transmission. In the hierarchical routing, the network is partitioned into clusters, where each cluster consists of a head node and many member nodes. Selection of the best head nodes, that improve the lifetime and the performance of WSNs, is a NP-hard problem. Thus, this paper proposes an Immune-based Energy-Efficient hierarchical Routing Protocol (IEERP) to improve the lifetime of WSNs. IEERP utilizes the Multi-Objective Immune Algorithm (MOIA) to partition the network into optimum clusters and find locations of the best cluster heads on the basis of balancing the consumption energy among the sensor nodes and minimizing the dissipated energy in communication and overhead control packets. The operation of the proposed IEERP protocol is divided into rounds, where each round consists of two phases. The first phase is the cluster building phase, in which sink uses the MOIA algorithm to find locations of the optimum cluster heads, followed by the data transmission phase, in which the sensor nodes transfer their sensed data to the sink via the determined cluster heads. Simulation results cleared that the IEERP is more reliable protocol because it improvers the stability period and the lifetime of the homogeneous and the heterogeneous WSNs as compared to the other protocols.