earticle

영어

Ghost story culture, which flourished until the Edo period, was confronted with a crisis that its vein would be stopped because of the rationalism which had been introduced since the Meiji Restoration. However, under such conditions, ghost stories continued to be on everybody’s lips through the story telling of literary people at that time. 󰡔Hyaku-monogatari(百物語)󰡕, a collection of ghost stories which was published in the 27th year of the Meiji period(1894), held a key position in the ghost story history of Japan, in that it inherited the tradition of Ghost Story Society of modern times. This study speculated on the types and aspects of mysteries shown in a total of 34 ghost stories as an advanced post to identify characteristics of 󰡔Hyaku- monogatari󰡕. A total of 39 mysterious stories were categorized according to properties: 6 on humans, 6 on natural things, 4 on sound and strange phenomena and 1 on mysterious things. Humans appeared 25 times, of which ghosts appeared 19 times. The reason why such aspects appeared is that ghost stories were made based on human oriented ideas which were found in conflicts between humans and humans, or humans and society. Except stories 20, 30, 31, 33 and 34, as the mysteries in each of these was derived from internal conflicts in human society such as death from an illness, sensitivity, murder, conflicts between wife and husband, jealousy, suicide, death in battle, tricks, death from an accident and hatred. The internal conflicts in society which occurred in the flow of rapid changes due to forced enlightenment were expressed through a form of ghost story, in which mysteries triggered by humans appeared the most. That is, 󰡔Hyaku-monogatari󰡕 is characterized by urban ghost stories which expressed the darkness in our minds.

일본어

明治27年(1894)に出版された󰡔햐쿠모노가타리󰡕は、近世怪談会の伝統を継承している怪談集で、日本怪談史の中で重要な位置を占めている。本稿は 『햐쿠모노가타리』の特性を明らかにするための先行的な作業として、総34話に表われる怪異の類型及び様相を考察してみた。 計39種の怪異をその屬性による分類方式で分けてみると、人間型が6種、自然物6種、音及び異相現象が4種、器物型1種であった。その出現回數は、人間型が総25回で一番多く、その中でも幽霊が19回で一番高い頻度を現した。このような様相が現れるのは、怪談が生じられる原因を人間関係あるいは人と社会間の葛藤から見いだす、人間中心の思考に基づいているからであると考えられる。それは第20話、第30話、第31話、第33話、第34話を除く、各々話の怪異の発生原因が病死、神經、殺人、夫婦間葛藤ないしは嫉妬、自殺、戰死、人のいたずら、事故死、怨念など、人間社会の問題から起っている点とも通じられる。 これは近代へ移行していた時代の流れから生じられた社会内部の葛藤が、怪談という形を借りて表出されたことで、従って人間と関わっている怪異が一番多く登場しているのだと考えられる。つまり、『百物語』は｢いま｣｢ここ｣｢私たち｣が抱いている｢心の闇｣を語った、都市伝説的な性格を帯びていると思われる。