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The fourth King of Joseon dynasty, Sejong(r.1418-1450) decided to make high-level astronomical instruments. Sejong and his scholar-officials researched the Chinese classics on astronomy and adopted the astronomical instrument technology from Yuan dynasty for twenty years. Eventually, they succeeded in making various precision astronomical instruments including Simplified Armilla, Template and Tall Gnomon, Armillary Sphere, Striking Clepsydra and Sundials. Some of these instruments were made after the Chinese model; others were significantly modified or created by Joseon experts. It was King Sejong who played a crucial role in the transmission of astronomical instruments into Joseon. Sejong wished to be an ideal monarch like the ancient sages Yao and Shun. Therefore he was very eager to observe the movements of heavenly bodies carefully in order to understand the Heaven’s will. So he started to make astronomical instruments equal to the level of those in China. There had been two types of astronomical instrument technology in Yuan dynasty China. The first was Chinese traditional technology inherited from ancient times, and the second was Islamic technology which had been transmitted through the Moslem Conquest by Mongol Empire. Chinese astronomy and astronomical instrument technology including Islamic ones were rapidly transmitted into Joseon through the efforts of Sejong and his experts. It was one of the most successful cases in the history of transmission of technology.