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[PURPOSE] The present study examined old male adults to compare physical fitness and cytokine concentrations between obese and non-obese men, and observed post-exercise training changes. [METHODS] Subjects were eighty old male adults, and were divided into an obese group (n =40) and a non-obese group (n=40) based on a BMI of 25 kg/m2. Body composition, muscular strength, cardiopulmonary function, blood TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were compared between obese group and non-obese group, and then the changes in these parameters were compared after a regular 12-week exercise training. [RESULTS] The overall abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat areas were significantly larger values in the obese group (p<.05). The muscle-to-fat area ratios in both the abdomen and thigh were significantly lower in the obese group (p<.05). The abdominal and thigh fat areas significantly decreased after exercise training in both groups (p<.05), and the muscle-to-fat area ratios in both the abdomen and thigh significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). The obese group had significant higher blood IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations (p<.05), and significant lower grip strength per kilogram of body weight, PEI obtained from the Harvard step test, and sit-and-reach test score (p<.05). Both groups had significantly enhanced blood TNF-α concentration, grip strength, back muscular strength, and grip or back muscular strengths per kilogram of body weight after exercise training (p<.05). Post-exercise reduction in TNF-α was inversely correlated with increased muscle-to-fat area ratio in the thigh and increased back muscular strength (p<.05). [CONCLUSIONS] The obese group exhibited relative reductions in muscle mass and muscle strength, and had higher blood IL-6 and TNF-α concentration than those in the non-obese group. However, the findings of this study also indicate that these phenomena could be prevented by exercise training. Post-exercise training reduction in blood TNF-α level is significantly correlated with reduction in body fat, increased muscle-to-fat area ratios in the abdomen and thigh, and increased muscular strength. Based on this finding, TNF-α level could be used as an important inflammatory marker related to sarcopenic obesity that occurs during aging.