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영어

The purposes of this study were to examine changes to the industrial structure of Dalian after its reform and opening in its relations with foreign-funded enterprises(especially Japanese ones) and review the possibilities and limitations of Pan-Yellow Sea Zone. The cases cited in the study for demonstration purposes were based on participant observation and interviews conducted in Dalian in 2015. The body of the research divided the period from 1984 when Dalian was appointed as an open coastal city to 2015 into ① early days of opening, ② investments in labor-intensive manufacturing, ③ propulsion of industrial advancement, and ④ all-out reform, examining each of the periods in terms of central government's policies, Dalian's implementation, and changes to the size and nature of foreign investment. The findings were as follows: first, Dalian served as a subject of economy to take the lead in forming the Northeast Asian zone under the approval of central government since its reform and opening. It especially worked on the formation of relations with Japan as part of its policies. Second, it formed mutually supplementary economic relations through spatial division of production based on cost gaps until 2013. Those relations are recently turning into competitions or absorbed into the Chinese market due to the New Normal and the full-blown reform of Chinese economy. Third, the activities of seaport cities such as Dalian were basically dependent on the decisions of central government with only flexibility granted to them at the implementation stage. Fourth, there has been an expansion of economic exchanges in breadth, but it has not led to the political integration of new stage due to the complex entanglement of interests among the powerful nations. Finally, the increasing political and economic uncertainty will highlight further the experiences of Dalian, which has moved practical negotiations forward in various areas, as the source of possibilities for sustainable relations.