earticle

영어

The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure to concentrated ambient fine particulates (i.e. PM2.5 and PM10) and heavy metals in particle and to determine whether lung function in children decreases following exposure to particulate and heavy metals on air pollution. And this study evaluated the usefulness of urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as oxidative stress biomarkers related to the Asian dust event (ADE) and the potential individual effect of genetic polymorphisms of Glutathion S-transferase (GST) M1/T1 enzymes involved in air pollutants metabolisms on lung function was also investigated. The fine particulate and metals exposure assessments are conducted for 42 days duration the spring season. Daily ambient concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn) are collected at elementary school in Deokjeok Island, Korea. The pulmonary functions such as peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were measured. Forty three children (23 boys and 20 girls, mean age: 9.61 years old) were participated in this study. The levels of PEFR in subjects were measured 3 times a day for study period. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1/T1 were assessed by PCR-based methods. Inference on the air pollution and time effects of PEFR data were used by the mixed-model after adjustment of weather information such as temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure. Daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 over the PEFR measurement periods were 20.28±8.35 and 35.29±23.84 ug/m2, respectively. The levels of PM2.5 were significantly correlated with heavy metals (P<0.01). Daily mean PEFR was related with the levels of 24-hour PM2.5, PM10 and their heavy metals. The result shows that the increase of fine particulate concentrations (one day lag) and heavy metals (one day lag) were negatively associated with the PEFR. And PM, metals and GSTM1/T1 genotype were significant predictors for PEFR by mixed model. Levels of urinary 8-OHdG and MDA after the ADE (43.31±61.05 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those the non-ADE (23.01±42.38)(n=42 paired, p=0.02). These results suggest that fine particulate (PM2.5 and PM10), heavy metals and genotypes are statistically significant predictors for pulmonary function such as PEFR. Therefore, the levels of PEFR might be utilized as health effect indicator of fine particle air pollutants exposure. and Our findings also suggest that oxidative markers such as urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels are increased by the ADE.