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In this study, the methods were developed to measure PAHs in the air, metabolites of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene via human urine, genetic polymorphisms in human buccal cell for evaluation of the health effects about environmental pollution. We have also performed a preliminary molecular epidemiology study on residents in the metropolitan area and workers in workplace for these method applications. The analytical method utilized HPLC(High Performance Liquid chromatography) for metabolites measure of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene in human urine. Modifying the analytical procedure for the determination of 1-hyroxypyrene(1-OHP), 1 -OH-pyrene-glucuronide(1-OHPG), 7,8-diol- benzo(a)pyrene(Diol) and 7,8,9,10- tetrol-benzo(a)pyrene(Tetrol), we developed HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 1-OHP, 1-OHPG, diol and tetrol. Metabolites product of pyrene(1-OHP, 1-OHPG) were not significant both in urban and workplace area. The average concentration of 1-OHP and 1-OHPG in participant's urine were 0.037±0.062 and 0.714±1.095 ug/gcreatinine, each. Diol as metabolite product of benzo(a)pyrene was significant between urban and workplace area. The average concentration of diol and tetrol in participant's urine were 0.249±0.528 and 0.750±0.792 ug/gcreatinine, respectively. In the case of CYP1A1, 42.86% of them has homozygous wild type(W) and who has heterozygous variant type(H) was 48.57% and 8.57% of homozygous variant type(M) genetic type. In the case of CYP2E1, 69.44% of them has homozygous wild type(D) type, 25.00% of each has heterozygous variant type (DC) and 5.56% of them has homozygous variant type (CC). Who doesn't have GSTM1 gene was 48.57% and who has GSTM1 gene was 51.43%. Who doesn't have GSTT1 gene was 63.89% in study groups and who has GSTT1 gene was 36.11%. Who has W genetic type, which is homozygous wild type of GSTP1, was 79.41% and H genetic type, which is heterozygous variant type was 20.59%.. Who has C/C genetic type, which is homozygous wild type of NQO1, was 37.14% and C/T genetic type, which is heterozygous variant type was 48.579%. T/T genetic type which is homozygous variant type was 14.29%. Concentration differences of metabolites such as 1-OHP, 1-OHPG, diol and tetrol in urine, which is generated by genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1, CYP2E1 gene of Phase I and GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NQO1 gene of Phase II, was examined. As a result, GSTM1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, NQO1 and indicate slight differences depend on the amount of metabolites in urine, it was not statistically significant.