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영어

Nogeoldae(老乞大) and Baktongsa(朴通事) are two conversational textbooks used by people of Goryeo(高麗) and the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮) of which Nogeoldae(老乞大) has about 20000 words and as a clue, this book, in the form of conversation, tells about the happenings and incidents on the way, including accommodation, trade, business,etc, among which there are some paragraghs about feast, drinking as well as the treatment of diseases. Baktongsa(朴通事) has appoximately 30000 words which is one-third more than that of Nogeoldae(老乞大) which has 3 volumes. The whole book, written in the form of dialogues or individual narration, introduces all aspecs of Chinese society, including feasts, trades, agriculture, handicrafts, legal cases, religion, entertainment, sceneries, and so on. The two books are of high historical value. From original Nogeoldae(原本老乞大) in Yuan(元) Dynasty to Junggan Nogeoldae (重刊老乞大) in Qing Qian Long(淸乾隆) Dynasty, there have been records of changes in languages for 500 years. The same book has had different modifications during different time periods, which is very rare and it is the valuable material for the study of language history. Just as the well-known scholar Yang Lian Sheng(杨联升) has stated:" In the view of historical research, there are numerous valuable materials involing the local conventions in Yuan(元) and Ming(明) Dynasty. From the point of linguistic study, there are plenty of valuable materials of spoken words at the end of Yuan Dynasty as well as the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The series of books of Nogeoldae(老乞大) and Baktongsa(朴通事) from Yuan to Ming Dynasty are very valuable documents for studying Chinese language changes. Since the year of 1998 when original Nogeoldae(原本老乞大) was found, the scholars from South Korea, China, Japan, as well as those from other nations, have done much research on the two books and have gained remakable achievement. Thus, this translation and annotation take A translation original Nogeoldae(譯註原本老乞大) as a theme, on the basis of the study results of the precedent scholars, hoping to make further addition and development and in addition, a moderate motivation to the researchers of Baktongsa(朴通事) and Nogeoldae(老乞大).