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영어

Stepping into the 20th century, the history of ballet experienced great changes with the emergence of modernism. These Changed were triggered by Ballet Russes which was organized by Serge Diaghilev and became the foundation of modern ballet of the early 20th century. Diaghilev was driven by deep interest in arts and influenced by the association with diverse art cooperators. The innovative experiments in Ballet Russes were not possible without the efforts made by the Pickwickians who had profound insights on Russian literature and arts. Ballet Russes contributed all innovative modernism artists in related art genres such as scenario, dance, music, stage settings and customs in order to create a new style of ballet performance, that was influenced by Richard Wagner’s Gesamtkunstwerk, so-called composite arts. Diaghilev commissioned works from composers such as Igor Stravinsky and Claude Debussy, and artists such as Leon Bakst, Pablo Picasso, and Henri Matisse, and designer Coco Chanel. Schéhérazade in 1910, based on the legendary tales of The Thousand and One Nights, was one of the major works of Ballet Russes that had the characteristics of composite arts. Alexandre Benois(1870-1960) had been the most influential member of the Pickwickians. His particular interest in ballet as an art form strongly influenced Diaghilev and was seminal in the formation of the Ballets Russes. In addition, Benois contributed the much of scenario such as Schéhérazade. The choreographer Micheal Forkin(1880-1942) rejected the traditional forms and techniques of movements and replace them with things new. He who continued to carry out experiments always sought after the possibility of new forms and techniques of movements. Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov(1844-1908)’s Shéhérazade in 1888 is an orchestral suite composed of fourth movement and represents the oriental color. Its expressions are centered on the incidents and anecdotes from The Thousand and One Nights. Léon Samoilovitch Bakst(1866-1924) charged set design and custom in Shéhérazade and had a great effect on decor fields as well as Ballet in those days. stage settings and customs were helps to understand the characteristics of dance. The innovative accomplishments of Ballet Russes such as composite arts style would be the activating motivation of modern ballet. Ballet Russes developed dance as a new aesthetic art form in the early 20th century.

한국어

세르게이 디아길레프가 1909년 창단한 발레뤼스(Ballet Russe)는 러시아발레단이란 뜻의 불어명칭으로 발레뤼스의 주요한 예술적 추구는 무용을 중심으로 문학, 음악, 미술, 패션 등 다양한 분야가 총체성을 띤 종합예술(Gesamtkunstwerk, composite arts)적인 성향을 갖는다. 이는 19세기 중엽 리하르트 바그너는 ‘모든 형태의 예술들이 하나의 작품 속에 어우러질 때 비로소 진정한 예술로서 가치를 가진다.’는 종합예술 개념에 영향 받았다. 발레뤼스의 <세헤라자데(Shéhérazade)>(1910)는 「천일야화」를 소재로 니콜라이 림스키-코르사코프가 1888년에 작곡한 동명의 관현악곡 중 1, 2, 4악장을 사용하여 미셸 포킨이 안무한 단막 발레극이다. 먼저 <세헤라자데>는 대본을 쓴 알렉산드르 브누아는 「천일야화」 중에서 샤리아르와 조베이데의 이야기를 발레에 맞게 각색하였다. 안무를 맡은 미셸 포킨은 그 전까지 장식적이거나 부수적인 요소로 치부되었던 음악, 무대미술, 의상 등을 춤과 조화롭게 융합한 발레를 지향하였다. 니콜라이 림스키-코르사코프의 동명의 관현악곡은 아라비안나이트의 오리엔탈리즘을 다양한 관현악기를 사용한 환상적이고 아름다운 선율로 이미지화되었다. 레옹 박스트의 이국적인 현람함과 신비로움으로 가득 찬 무대미술과 의상은 마치 아라비안나이트의 환상 세계를 구현해 놓은 듯한 인상을 심어주었다. 이렇듯 발레뤼스는 수준 높은 종합예술로서의 현대발레를 실현함으로써 발레의 예술적 지위를 향상시켰다.